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arXiv 2403.02790astro-ph.SR
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Ne22蒸馏与年老富金属疏散星团NGC 6791的冷却序列

Ne22 distillation and the cooling sequence of the old metal-rich open cluster NGC 6791

Maurizio Salaris, Simon Blouin, Santi Cassisi, Luigi R. Bedin

AI总结:

本文首次提出自洽包含氖蒸馏效应的CO白矮星演化模型,应用于年老富金属疏散星团NGC 6791,证实氖蒸馏导致数Gyr冷却延迟并使理论光度函数匹配观测。

摘要:

近期用于研究结晶碳氧(CO)白矮星(WDs)中Ne22(碳和氧之后最丰富的金属)相分离的蒙特卡洛等离子体模拟表明,在适当条件下,将Ne22向白矮星中心输送的蒸馏过程是高效的,并释放大量引力能,可导致长达数Gyr的冷却延迟。在此,我们提出首批自洽包含氖蒸馏效应的CO WD恒星演化模型,覆盖完整的CO WD质量范围,采用适合年老疏散星团NGC 6791的两倍太阳金属丰度作为前身星金属丰度。该星团的年老(约8.5 Gyr)和高金属丰度——因此其WDs核心的高氖含量(按质量约3%)——最大化了模型中氖蒸馏的效应,以便与观测冷却序列进行比较。我们讨论了蒸馏对模型内部化学分层和冷却时间的影响,证实蒸馏导致长达数Gyr的冷却延迟,且该延迟以非单调方式依赖于质量。我们还展示了我们的模型如何产生光度函数(LFs),可匹配NGC 6791观测WD LF的暗端,年龄与从星团食双星样本及主序转折点确定的范围一致。若不包含蒸馏,理论WD冷却序列将达到比观测更暗的星等。我们还提议James Webb Space Telescope观测,可独立证明NGC 6791 WDs内部氖蒸馏的效率,并有助于解决当前对WD模型氢-氦包层电子传导不透明度处理的不确定性。

英文摘要:

Recent Monte Carlo plasma simulations to study in crystallizing carbon-oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) the phase separation of Ne22 (the most abundant metal after carbon and oxygen) have shown that, under the right conditions, a distillation process that transports Ne22 toward the WD centre is efficient and releases a considerable amount of gravitational energy that can lead to cooling delays of up to several Gyr. Here we present the first CO WD stellar evolution models that self-consistently include the effect of neon distillation, and cover the full range of CO WD masses, for a progenitor metallicity twice-solar appropriate for the old open cluster NGC 6791. The old age (about 8.5 Gyr) and high metallicity of this cluster -- hence the high neon content (about 3% by mass) in the cores of its WDs -- maximize the effect of neon distillation in the models to be compared with the observed cooling sequence. We discuss the effect of distillation on the internal chemical stratification and cooling time of the models, confirming that distillation causes cooling delays up to several Gyr, that depend in a non-monotonic way on the mass. We also show how our models produce luminosity functions (LFs) that can match the faint end of the observed WD LF in NGC 6791, for ages consistent with the range determined from a sample of cluster's eclipsing binary stars, and the main sequence turn-off. Without the inclusion of distillation the theoretical WD cooling sequences reach too faint magnitudes compared to the observations. We also propose James Webb Space Telescope observations that can independently demonstrate the efficiency of neon distillation in the interiors of NGC 6791 WDs, and help resolve the current uncertainty on the treatment of the electron conduction opacities for the hydrogen-helium envelope of the WD models.

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