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arXiv 2402.17845astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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再电离末期一个普通亚$L^\star$星系的冷星际介质

The cold interstellar medium of a normal sub-$L^\star$ galaxy at the end of reionization

F. Valentino, S. Fujimoto, C. Giménez-Arteaga, G. Brammer, K. Kohno, F. Sun, V. Kokorev, F. E. Bauer, C. Di Cesare, D. Espada, M. Lee, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, Y.… 展开作者

F. Valentino, S. Fujimoto, C. Giménez-Arteaga, G. Brammer, K. Kohno, F. Sun, V. Kokorev, F. E. Bauer, C. Di Cesare, D. Espada, M. Lee, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, Y. Ao, A. M. Koekemoer, M. Ouchi, J. F. Wu, E. Egami, J. -B. Jolly, C. del P. Lagos, G. E. Magdis, D. Schaerer, K. Shimasaku, H. Umehata, W. -H. Wang

AI总结:

本研究利用ALMA及JWST多波段观测,结合引力透镜效应探测到z=6.07的暗弱亚$L^\star$星系的冷星际介质性质,验证了相关模型预测,为研究再电离时期暗弱星系族群提供了观测基准。

摘要:

我们展示了利用ALMA开展的约60小时观测项目的结果,观测目标是在ALMA引力透镜星系团巡天(ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey, ALCS)中发现的、红移z=6.07的经光谱确认的引力透镜亚$L^\star$星系。我们在6个不同频率上采样了静止帧90至370$\mu$m的尘埃连续谱发射,并通过CO(7-6)和[CI](2-1)谱线,对两个放大倍率$\mu\gtrsim20$的透镜像的分子气体谱线发射及含量设置了约束性上限。结合这些亚毫米观测与JWST的深场光学、近红外测光及光谱数据,我们发现该星系的恒星形成率约为SFR~7 $M_\odot$/yr,其中约50-70%被尘埃遮蔽。这与通过外推z<2.5时的恒星质量$M_\star$-遮蔽恒星形成率比例关系得到的、$M_\star$~7.5$\times10^{8}$ $M_\odot$天体的预期结果一致,也与5<z<7区间的观测结果相符。该星系的尘埃温度约为50K,与类似红移下更大质量星系的尘埃温度相近,不过该值存在较大不确定性,且可能存在负梯度。我们测得其尘埃质量$M_{\rm dust}$~1.5$\times10^6$ $M_\odot$,结合[CI]、[CII]及动力学估计得到气体质量约为2$\times10^9$ $M_\odot$,二者的比值与已有文献模型的预测高度吻合。其$M_{\rm dust}$/$M_\star$比值约为0.002,且恒星年龄较轻,与超新星产尘的情景一致。此外,模型预测的z=6时尘埃质量$M_{\rm dust}\sim10^{6}$ $M_\odot$的星系数密度,与我们从ALCS母巡天得到的估计值相符。引力透镜效应与多波段观测的结合,使我们能够探测的光度区间比此前同类红移场星系的探测下限低两个数量级。我们的结果为未来研究可能驱动宇宙再电离的暗弱亚$L^\star$星系族群提供了基准。

英文摘要:

We present the results of a ~60-hr observational campaign with ALMA targeting a spectroscopically confirmed and lensed sub-$L^\star$ galaxy at z=6.07, identified during the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). We sample the dust continuum emission from rest frame 90 to 370 $μ$m at six different frequencies and set constraining upper limits on the molecular gas line emission and content via CO(7-6) and [CI](2-1) for two lensed images with $μ\gtrsim20$. Complementing these sub-mm observations with deep optical and near-IR photometry and spectroscopy with JWST, we find this galaxy to form stars at a rate of SFR~7 Msun/yr, ~50-70% of which is obscured by dust. This is consistent with what is expected for a $M_\star$~7.5$\times10^{8}$ Msun object by extrapolating the $M_\star$-obscured SFR fraction relation at z<2.5 and with observations at 5<z<7. The dust temperature of ~50K is similar to that of more massive galaxies at similar redshifts, although with large uncertainties and with possible negative gradients. We measure a dust mass of $M_{\rm dust}$~1.5$\times10^6$ Msun and, by combining [CI], [CII], and a dynamical estimate, a gas mass of ~2$\times10^9$ Msun. Their ratio is in good agreement with the predictions from models in the literature. The $M_{\rm dust}$/$M_\star$ fraction of ~0.002 and the young stellar age are consistent with dust production via supernovae. Also, models predict a number density of galaxies with $M_{\rm dust}\sim10^{6}$ Msun at z=6 in agreement with our estimate from the parent ALCS survey. The combination of lensing and multiwavelength observations allow us to probe luminosity regimes up to two orders of magnitude lower than what has been explored so far for field galaxies at similar redshifts. Our results serve as a benchmark for future observations of faint sub-$L^\star$ galaxy population that might have driven the reionization of the Universe. [Abridged]

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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