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arXiv 2402.16962astro-ph.HE
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在 Zwicky Transient Facility 的 Ia 型超新星中搜寻晚期相互作用特征

Searching for late-time interaction signatures in Type Ia supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility

Jacco H. Terwel, Kate Maguire, Georgios Dimitriadis, Mat Smith, Simeon Reusch, Leander Lacroix, Lluís Galbany, Umut Burgaz, Luke Harvey, Steve Schulze, Mickael … 展开作者

Jacco H. Terwel, Kate Maguire, Georgios Dimitriadis, Mat Smith, Simeon Reusch, Leander Lacroix, Lluís Galbany, Umut Burgaz, Luke Harvey, Steve Schulze, Mickael Rigault, Steven L. Groom, David Hale, Mansi M. Kasliwal, Young-Lo Kim, Josiah Purdum, Ben Rusholme, Jesper Sollerman, Joseph P. Anderson, Ting-Wan Chen, Christopher Frohmaier, Mariusz Gromadzki, Tomás E. Müller-Bravo, Matt Nicholl, Shubham Srivastav, Maxime Deckers

AI总结:

该研究利用 ZTF 的 3627 个 Ia 型超新星搜寻峰值后晚期 CSM 相互作用,发现 3 例强再增亮候选体,并估计此类事件占正常 SNe Ia 的比例低于 0.5%。

摘要:

产生 Ia 型超新星(SNe Ia)的前身星系统与爆炸机制的本质仍存在争议。膨胀抛射物扫过星周物质(CSM)所产生的相互作用特征,能够约束该物质被抛射出来的系统类型。以往大多数研究集中于寻找在 SN Ia 爆炸前不久抛射、且仍位于爆炸地点附近的 CSM,因此相互作用开始前的延迟时间较短。我们使用来自 Zwicky Transient Facility、于 2018 年至 2020 年间发现的 3627 个 SNe Ia 样本,在峰值亮度之后超过 100 天的时间范围内搜寻相互作用特征。通过对晚期光变曲线数据进行分箱,以将探测限推进到尽可能深,我们在 3 个 SNe Ia(SN 2018grt、SN 2019dlf、SN 2020tfc)中识别出潜在的晚期再增亮。这些晚期探测发生在峰值亮度之后 550 至 1450 天之间,平均绝对 r 波段星等为 -16.4 至 -16.8 mag,并持续长达数百天,显著亮于在原型 SN 2015cp 中发现的晚期 CSM 相互作用。所有晚期探测均发生在宿主星系核 0.8 kpc 以内,并且不能轻易用核活动、位于相近天球位置的另一瞬变天体或数据质量问题来解释。这表明环境或特定的前身星特征在这些 SNe Ia 产生潜在 CSM 特征方面发挥了作用。通过模拟 ZTF 巡天,我们估计少于 0.5% 的正常 SNe Ia 表现出晚期、强烈且以 H α 为主导的 CSM 相互作用。在 z ≤ 0.1、并假定 SN Ia 恒定发生率为 2.4×10^-5 Mpc^-3 yr^-1 的情况下,这相当于绝对发生率为 8_{-4}^{+20} 至 54_{-26}^{+91} Gpc^-3 yr^-1。更弱的相互作用特征(更接近 SN 2015cp 中所见的强度)可能更常见,但受限于我们的巡天深度而难以约束。

英文摘要:

The nature of the progenitor systems and explosion mechanisms that give rise to Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are still debated. The interaction signature of circumstellar material (CSM) being swept up by expanding ejecta can constrain the type of system from which it was ejected. Most previous studies have focused on finding CSM ejected shortly before the SN Ia explosion still residing close to the explosion site, resulting in short delay times until the interaction starts. We use a sample of 3627 SNe Ia from the Zwicky Transient Facility discovered between 2018 and 2020 and search for interaction signatures over 100 days after peak brightness. By binning the late-time light curve data to push the detection limit as deep as possible, we identify potential late-time rebrightening in 3 SNe Ia (SN 2018grt, SN 2019dlf, SN 2020tfc). The late-time detections occur between 550 and 1450 d after peak brightness, have mean absolute $r$-band magnitudes of -16.4 to -16.8 mag and last up to a few hundred days, significantly brighter than the late-time CSM interaction discovered in the prototype SN 2015cp. The late-time detections all occur within 0.8 kpc of the host nucleus and are not easily explained by nuclear activity, another transient at a similar sky position, or data quality issues. This suggests environment or specific progenitor characteristics playing a role in producing potential CSM signatures in these SNe Ia. By simulating the ZTF survey we estimate that <0.5 per cent of normal SNe Ia display late-time strong H $α$-dominated CSM interaction. This is equivalent to an absolute rate of $8_{-4}^{+20}$ to $54_{-26}^{+91}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ assuming a constant SN Ia rate of $2.4\times10^{-5}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for $z \leq 0.1$. Weaker interaction signatures, more similar to the strength seen in SN 2015cp, could be more common but are difficult to constrain with our survey depth.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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