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arXiv 2402.14741cs.CVeess.IV
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使用自监督学习的胸部X光片零样本儿童结核病检测

Zero-Shot Pediatric Tuberculosis Detection in Chest X-Rays using Self-Supervised Learning

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(马德里理工大学);CIBER-BBN(生物医学网络生物工程研究中心);Children’s National Hospital(儿童国家医院);GWU School of Medicine(乔治华盛顿大学医学院)

Daniel Capellán-Martín, Abhijeet Parida, Juan J. Gómez-Valverde, Ramon Sanchez-Jacob, Pooneh Roshanitabrizi, Marius G. Linguraru, María J. Ledesma-Carbayo, Syed M. Anwar

AI总结:

提出一种利用Vision Transformers的自监督学习范式,通过在成人胸部X光片上预训练,实现了零样本儿童结核病检测,显著提升了AUC和AUPR性能。

摘要:

结核病(TB)仍然是一个重大的全球健康挑战,其中儿童病例更是引发主要关注的问题。世界卫生组织(WHO)提倡使用胸部X光片(CXR)进行TB筛查。然而,放射科医生的视觉判读可能具有主观性、耗时且容易出错,在儿童TB中尤为如此。人工智能(AI)驱动的计算机辅助检测(CAD)工具,特别是利用深度学习的工具,在增强肺部疾病检测方面展现出前景。然而,面临的挑战包括数据稀缺和缺乏泛化能力。在此背景下,我们提出了一种利用Vision Transformers(ViT)的新型自监督范式,以改进CXR中的TB检测,实现零样本儿童TB检测。我们证明了,与全监督(即非预训练)ViT模型相比,进行自监督预训练能提升TB检测性能(成人和儿童的最高AUC/AUPR分别提升约12.7%和约13.4%),在成人TB检测中达到0.959 AUC和0.962 AUPR的最高性能,在零样本儿童TB检测中达到0.697 AUC和0.607 AUPR。因此,这项工作表明,在成人CXR上进行自监督学习可有效扩展到数据稀缺的儿童TB检测等具有挑战性的下游任务。

英文摘要:

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with pediatric cases posing a major concern. The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates for chest X-rays (CXRs) for TB screening. However, visual interpretation by radiologists can be subjective, time-consuming and prone to error, especially in pediatric TB. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven computer-aided detection (CAD) tools, especially those utilizing deep learning, show promise in enhancing lung disease detection. However, challenges include data scarcity and lack of generalizability. In this context, we propose a novel self-supervised paradigm leveraging Vision Transformers (ViT) for improved TB detection in CXR, enabling zero-shot pediatric TB detection. We demonstrate improvements in TB detection performance ($\sim$12.7% and $\sim$13.4% top AUC/AUPR gains in adults and children, respectively) when conducting self-supervised pre-training when compared to fully-supervised (i.e., non pre-trained) ViT models, achieving top performances of 0.959 AUC and 0.962 AUPR in adult TB detection, and 0.697 AUC and 0.607 AUPR in zero-shot pediatric TB detection. As a result, this work demonstrates that self-supervised learning on adult CXRs effectively extends to challenging downstream tasks such as pediatric TB detection, where data are scarce.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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