The Bloch sphere provides an elegant way of visualizing a qubit. Analogous representation of the simplest composite state of two-qubits has attracted significant attention. Here we present a detailed mathematical analysis of the real-matrix parametrization and associated geometric picturization of arbitrary two-qubit states - up to their local SL2C equivalence, in terms of canonical ellipsoids inscribed within the Bloch sphere.
Explicit separability of general two qubits density matrices is related to Lorentz transformations. We use the 4-dimensional form R(u,v=0,1,2,3) of the Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) decomposition of the density matrix. For the generic case in which Lorentz transformations diagonalize R(u,v=0,1,2,3) (into s(0),s(1),s(2),s(3)) we give relations between the R parameters and the s parameters. In particular we consider two cases: a) Two qubits density matrices with one pair of linear terms in the HS decomposition. b) Two qubits density matrices with two or three symmetric pairs of linear terms. Some of the …
Institute for Quantum Studies, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University（查普曼大学施密德科学与技术学院量子研究所）；Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California（南加州大学物理与天文学系量子信息技术中心）
School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hainan University（海南大学数学与统计学院）；Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford（牛津大学克拉伦登实验室）；School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University（海南大学物理与光电工程学院）
Dynamical properties of a resonator can be analyzed using the Rayleigh-Lorentz invariant which is not an exact constant but varies more or less over time. We investigate the time behavior of this invariant for a flux qubit resonator in order for better understanding of qubit-information detection with the resonator. Flux qubit resonators can be utilized in implementing diverse next generation nano-optic and nano-electronic devices such as quantum computing systems. Through the analyses of the temporal evolution of the invariant, we derive a condition for optimal adiabatic qubit-information det…
We revisit the properties of qubits under Lorentz transformations and, by considering Lorentz invariant quantum states in the Heisenberg formulation, clarify some misleading notation that has appeared in the literature on relativistic quantum information theory. We then use this formulation to consider the transformation properties of qubits and density matrices under space-time and gauge transformations. Finally we use our results to understand the behaviour of entanglement between different partitions of quantum systems. Our approach not only clarifies the notation, but provides a more intui…
Explicitly separable density matrices are constructed for all separable two-qubits states based on Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) decompositions. For density matrices which include only two-qubits correlations the number of HS parameters is reduced to 3 by using local rotations, and for two-qubits states which include single qubit measurements, the number of parameters is reduced to 4 by local Lorentz transformations. For both cases we related the absolute values of the HS parameters to probabilities, and the outer products of various Pauli matrices were transformed to pure states density matrices produ…
We investigate the geometric phase of a two-level atom (qubit) coupled to a bosonic reservoir with Lorentzian spectral density, and find that for the non-Markovian dynamics in which rotating-wave approximation (RWA) is performed, geometric phase has a $π$-phase jump at the nodal point. However, the exact result without RWA given by hierarchy equation of motion method shows that there is no such a phase jump or nodal structure in geometric phase. Thus our results demonstrate that the counter-rotating terms significantly contribute to the geometric phase in multi-mode Hamiltonian under certain c…
We propose a Partial Lorentz Transformation (PLT) test for detecting entanglement in a two qubit system. One can expand the density matrix of a two qubit system in terms of a tensor product of $(\mathbb{I}, \vecσ)$. The matrix $A$ of the coefficients that appears in such an expansion can be "squared" to form a $4\times4$ matrix $B$. It can be shown that the eigenvalues $λ_0, λ_1, λ_2, λ_3$ of $B$ are positive. With the choice of $λ_0$ as the dominant eigenvalue, the separable states satisfy $\sqrt{λ_1}+\sqrt{λ_2}+\sqrt{λ_3}\leq \sqrt{λ_0}$. Violation of this inequality is a test of entanglemen…
We show that the pure entangled three-qubit symmetric states which are inequivalent under stochastic local operations and classcial communication (SLOCC) exhibit distinct geometric representation in terms of a spheroid inscribed within the Bloch sphere. We provide detailed analysis of the SLOCC canonical forms of the reduced two-qubit states extracted from entangled three-qubit pure symmetric states. Based on the Lorentz canonical forms of these states we arrive at two different geometrical representations: (i) a prolate spheroid centered at the origin of the Bloch sphere -- with longest semia…
Recently, West and Fong [New J. Phys. 14, 083002 (2012)] introduced an echo scheme for an exchange-only qubit, which relies entirely on the exchange-interaction. Here, we compare two different exchange-based sequences and two optimization strategies, Uhrig dynamical decoupling (UDD) and optimized filter function dynamical decoupling (OFDD), which were introduced for a single-spin qubit and are applied in this paper to the three-spin exchange-only qubit. The calculation shows that the adaption of the optimization concepts can be achieved by straight-forward calculation. We consider two types of…
In this work, we study the thermodynamics of a two-level system (qubit) embedded in a finite-temperature structured-bath under periodical measurements. The system under measurements will reach a quasi-steady state, whose effective temperature can be maintained lower than that of the surrounding environment. To study the influence of the environmental oscillators from different regimes of frequency on the qubit, the spectrum of the bath consisting of a large number of bosonic harmonic oscillators can be approximately divided into three parts according to their effects of cooling or heating. Due…
