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arXiv 2402.08356astro-ph.GA
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方位角金属丰度变化、旋涡结构与基于轴对称假设的径向作用量失效

Azimuthal metallicity variations, spiral structure, and the failure of radial actions based on assuming axisymmetry

Victor P. Debattista, Tigran Khachaturyants, Joao A. S. Amarante, Christopher Carr, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Chervin F. P. Laporte

AI总结:

本研究通过模拟发现方位角金属丰度变化与旋涡结构相关,并指出基于轴对称假设的瞬时径向作用量无法有效示踪旋涡,而时间平均后的作用量更优。

摘要:

我们在一个自洽的、孤立的模拟中研究了恒星平均金属丰度<[Fe/H]>的方位角变化,在该模拟中所有恒星均由气体形成。我们发现<[Fe/H]>的变化与银河系中观测到的变化相当,并且这些变化与旋涡密度波重合。方位角变化存在于年老和年轻恒星中,因此并非近期形成的恒星所致。平均年龄和α元素丰度也存在类似的变化。我们测量了<[Fe/H]>变化的模式速度,发现它们与旋涡的模式速度匹配,表明旋涡是金属丰度模式的成因。由于较年轻的恒星族群不仅[Fe/H]更丰富、α元素更贫乏,而且在动力学上更冷,我们预期它们能更强地支持旋涡,这在模拟中确实如此。然而,如果我们使用Stackel轴对称近似测量径向作用量J_R,我们会发现旋涡脊由高J_R区域勾勒,这与预期相反。假设恒星穿过旋涡导致测量的J_R出现非物理变化,我们通过对1 Gyr时间间隔进行平均,获得了J_R的改进估计。这种时间平均的J_R是旋涡结构更好的示踪剂,在旋涡脊处具有最小值。我们得出结论,轴对称近似引入的误差产生了足够大的相关偏差,使得瞬时径向作用量不足以示踪旋涡。

英文摘要:

We study azimuthal variations in the mean stellar metallicity, <[Fe/H]>, in a self-consistent, isolated simulation in which all stars form out of gas. We find <[Fe/H]> variations comparable to those observed in the Milky Way and which are coincident with the spiral density waves. The azimuthal variations are present in young and old stars and therefore are not a result of recently formed stars. Similar variations are present in the mean age and alpha-abundance. We measure the pattern speeds of the <[Fe/H]>-variations and find that they match those of the spirals, indicating that spirals are the cause of the metallicity patterns. Because younger stellar populations are not just more [Fe/H]-rich and alpha-poor but also dynamically cooler, we expect them to more strongly support spirals, which is indeed the case in the simulation. However, if we measure the radial action, J_R, using the Stackel axisymmetric approximation, we find that the spiral ridges are traced by regions of high J_R, contrary to expectations. Assuming that the passage of stars through the spirals leads to unphysical variations in the measured J_R, we obtain an improved estimate of J_R by averaging over a 1 Gyr time interval. This time-averaged J_R is a much better tracer of the spiral structure, with minima at the spiral ridges. We conclude that the errors incurred by the axisymmetric approximation introduce correlated deviations large enough to render the instantaneous radial actions inadequate for tracing spirals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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