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arXiv 2402.07161cond-mat.str-elphysics.chem-ph
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双电子激发的扩展$N$-中心系综密度泛函理论

Extended $N$-centered ensemble density functional theory of double electronic excitations

Filip Cernatic, Emmanuel Fromager

AI总结:

本文将扩展$N$-中心系综密度泛函理论推广至双电子激发,并在双电子Hubbard二聚体上精确实现,揭示态反转及KS态混合导致激发指认失效。

摘要:

近期的一项工作[arXiv:2401.04685]将中性和带电电子基态的$N$-中心系综与中性基态及激发态的系综融合,从而提供了一种通用且原则上精确的(所谓扩展$N$-中心)中性和带电电子激发的系综密度泛函理论。该形式体系使得重新审视密度泛函导数不连续性概念成为可能,特别是在从最高占据Kohn-Sham(KS)分子轨道发生单激发的情形下,无需诉诸通常的“密度渐近行为”论证。在本工作中,我们处理更广泛的激发类别,尤其关注双激发。针对双电子Hubbard二聚体模型给出了该理论的精确实现。还对真实物理基态和激发态电子结构与虚构的系综密度泛函KS系统的电子结构进行了全面比较。根据密度泛函系综的选择以及二聚体的不对称性和关联强度,可以观察到态的反转。在另一些情况下,真实物理系统中KS态的强烈混合使得“单激发”或“双激发”的指认不再相关。

英文摘要:

A recent work [arXiv:2401.04685] has merged $N$-centered ensembles of neutral and charged electronic ground states with ensembles of neutral ground and excited states, thus providing a general and in-principle exact (so-called extended $N$-centered) ensemble density functional theory of neutral and charged electronic excitations. This formalism made it possible to revisit the concept of density-functional derivative discontinuity, in the particular case of single excitations from the highest occupied Kohn-Sham (KS) molecular orbital, without invoking the usual "asymptotic behavior of the density" argument. In this work, we address a broader class of excitations, with a particular focus on double excitations. An exact implementation of the theory is presented for the two-electron Hubbard dimer model. A thorough comparison of the true physical ground- and excited-state electronic structures with that of the fictitious ensemble density-functional KS system is also presented. Depending on the choice of the density-functional ensemble as well as the asymmetry of the dimer and the correlation strength, an inversion of states can be observed. In some other cases, the strong mixture of KS states within the true physical system makes the assignment "single excitation" or "double excitation" irrelevant.

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