Nuclei will play a prominent role in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model as the active material in experiments. In order to reliably interpret new physics signals, one needs an accurate model of the underlying nuclear dynamics. In this review, we discuss recent progress made with quantum Monte Carlo approaches for calculating the electroweak structure of light nuclei. We place particular emphasis on recent $β$-decay, muon capture, $0νββ$-decay, and electron scattering results.
The development of the chiral dynamics based description of nuclear electroweak currents is reviewed. Gerald E. (Gerry) Brown's role in basing theoretical nuclear physics on chiral Lagrangians is emphasized. Illustrative examples of the successful description of electroweak observables of light nuclei obtained from chiral effective field theory are presented.
We review the results of the most recent calculations for the electromagnetic structure of light nuclei, the weak muon capture on deuteron and 3He and the weak proton-proton capture reaction at energies of astrophysical interest, performed within the chiral effective field theory framework.
The accurate theoretical treatment of low-energy electro-weak processes in lightest nuclei is of great current importance not only in the context of nuclear physics {\it per se} but also from the astrophysical and particle-physics viewpoints. I give a brief survey of the recent remarkable progress in this domain.
The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in the theoretical and computational tools that produce our understanding of nuclei. A number of microscopic calculations of nuclear electroweak structure and reactions have successfully explained the available experimental data, yielding a complex picture of the way nuclei interact with electroweak probes. This achievement is of great interest from the pure nuclear-physics point of view. But it is of much broader interest too, because the level of accuracy and confidence reached by these calculations opens up the concrete possibility of using …
In this series of lectures it is illustrated how one can study the strong dynamics of nuclei by means of the electroweak probe. In particular, the most important steps to derive the cross sections in first order perturbation theory are reviewed. In the derivation the focus is put on the main ingredients entering the hadronic part (response functions), i.e. the initial and final states of the system and the operators relevant for the reaction. Emphasis is put on the electromagnetic interaction with few-nucleon systems. The Lorentz integral transform method to calculate the response functions ab…
The investigation of light nuclei with ab-initio methods provides an optimal setting to probe our knowledge on nuclear forces, because the few-nucleon problem can be solved accurately. Nucleons interact not only in pairs but also via many-body forces. Theoretical efforts need to be taken towards the identification of nuclear observables sensitive to the less known many-nucleon forces. Electromagnetic reactions can potentially provide useful information on this. We present results on photo-absorption and electron scattering off light nuclei, emphasizing the role of three-body forces and the com…
Background: Measurements of neutron radii provide important constraints on the isovector sector of nuclear density functionals and offer vital guidance in areas as diverse as atomic parity violation, heavy-ion collisions, and neutron-star structure. Purpose: To assess the impact of spin-orbit currents on the electromagnetic- and weak-charge radii of a variety of nuclei. Special emphasis is placed on the experimentally accessible electroweak skin, defined as the difference between weak-charge and electromagnetic-charge radii. Methods: Two accurately calibrated relativistic mean field models are…
Nuclear Many-Body Theory of Electroweak Interactions with Nuclei at Intermediate Energies
将文献\cite{GNO97}中的核包容电子模型的准弹性（QE）贡献推广到研究电弱荷电电流（CC）引起的中能核反应，为将来的中微子振荡实验提供理论依据.长程核关联（RPA），最终状态相互作用（FSI）和库仑修正包括在模型中。RPA的相关性在整个中微子能量范围内发挥着至关重要的作用，高达500兆电子伏，在这项工作中研究。通过元素周期表和反应$^{12}$ C $(ν_μ,μ^-)X$和$^{12}$ C $(ν_e,e^-)X$阈值附近的包容μ子捕获的预测也给出了。
We have developed a dynamical model for a unified description of the pion-nucleus scattering and photo- and neutrino-induced coherent pion production on nuclei. Our approach is based on a combined use of the Sato-Lee model for the electroweak pion production on a single nucleon and the Delta-hole model of pion-nucleus scattering. Numerical calculations are carried out for the case of the C12 target. After testing our model with the use of the pion photo-production data, we confront our predictions of the neutrino-induced coherent pion production reactions with the recent data from K2K and Mini…
Elastic electron scattering has been used to paint the most accurate picture of the proton distribution in atomic nuclei. Spurred by new experimental developments, it is now possible to gain valuable insights into the neutron distribution using exclusively electroweak probes. Our goal is to assess the information content and complementarity of the following three electroweak experiments in constraining the neutron distribution of atomic nuclei: (a) parity violating elastic electron scattering, (b) coherent elastic neutrino nucleus scattering, and (c) elastic electron scattering of unstable nuc…
We have studied electroweak (EW) interactions in quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) effective field theory (EFT). The Lorentz-covariant EFT contains nucleon, pion, $Δ$, isoscalar scalar ($σ$) and vector ($ω$) fields, and isovector vector ($ρ$) fields. The lagrangian exhibits a nonlinear realization of (approximate) $SU(2)_L \otimes SU(2)_R$ chiral symmetry and incorporates vector meson dominance. First, we discuss the EW interactions at the quark level. Then we include EW interactions in QHD EFT by using the background-field technique. The completed QHD EFT has a nonlinear realization of $SU(2)_L \ot…
The main progresses in the multinucleon transfer reactions at energies close to the Coulomb barrier are reviewed. After a short presentation of the experimental progress and theoretical progress,the predicted production cross sections for unknown neutron-rich heavy nuclei and the trans-uranium nuclei are presented.
Electroweak form factors of large nuclei as BPS skyrmions
Universidad de Santiago de Compostela（圣地亚哥德孔波斯特拉大学）；Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxias (IGFAE)（加利西亚高能物理研究所）；University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU（巴斯克地区大学）；Universidade de Vigo（维戈大学）
The Power Of Effective Field Theories In Nuclei: The Deuteron, NN Scattering and Electroweak Processes
我们展示了如何有效有效的量子场论工作在核物理。利用物理上透明的截断正则化方法，我们研究了最简单的两核子核系统的束缚态和散射态，其动量尺度远小于π介子质量。我们考虑了氘核的所有静态性质、双核子散射相移、热能下的n + p --> d + γ过程和太阳质子聚变过程p + p --> d + e（+）+v（e），并证明了这些都在次领先阶展开中得到了很高的精度描述。我们探讨如何一个“新的”自由度进入一个有效的理论打开和关闭的作用，π介子的拉格朗日。
High-precision calculations of electroweak processes in light nuclei are of great importance for multiple reasons. Gerry Brown together with Dan-Olof Riska published in 1972 a famous calculation on radiative capture of a thermal neutron on a proton, and their work was a precursor of subsequent great developments in high-precision calculations of electroweak processes in light nuclei. The application of effective field theory to nuclear systems is a prominent example of these developments. We present an overview of it with main emphasis placed on those topics in which we ourselves have been inv…
The analysis of statistical and systematic uncertainties and their propogation to nuclear extremes has been performed. Two extremes of nuclear landscape (neutron-rich nuclei and superheavy nuclei) have been investigated. For the first extreme, we focus on the ground state properties. For the second extreme, we pay a particular attention to theoretical uncertainties in the description of fission barriers of superheavy nuclei and their evolution on going to neutron-rich nuclei.
Probing the electroweak structure of nuclei with rare atoms and molecules
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；TRIUMF（特利昂夫）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所）
We have applied the extended factorization scheme to investigate the electroweak pion production on nuclei. The ANL-Osaka model, which was obtained by analyzing the data of $πN$, $γN$, $N(e,e'π)$ and $N(ν,μ\,π) $ reactions up to invariant mass $W=$ 2 GeV, is used to generate the matrix elements of current operators relevant to pion-production off the nucleon. Medium effects on the $Δ$ (1232) component of meson-exchange current are included by using a $Δ$-nucleus potential determined from the previous $Δ$-hole model studies of pion-nucleus reactions. Nuclear correlations in the initial target s…
In recent years, the combination of precise quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods with realistic nuclear interactions and consistent electroweak currents, in particular those constructed within effective field theories (EFTs), has lead to new insights in light and medium-mass nuclei, neutron matter, and electroweak reactions. This compelling new body of work has been made possible both by advances in QMC methods for nuclear physics, which push the bounds of applicability to heavier nuclei and to asymmetric nuclear matter and by the development of local chiral EFT interactions up to next-to-next-to…
A microscopic description of the interaction of atomic nuclei with external electroweak probes is required for elucidating aspects of short-range nuclear dynamics and for the correct interpretation of neutrino oscillation experiments. Nuclear quantum Monte Carlo methods infer the nuclear electroweak response functions from their Laplace transforms. Inverting the Laplace transform is a notoriously ill-posed problem; and Bayesian techniques, such as maximum entropy, are typically used to reconstruct the original response functions in the quasielastic region. In this work, we present a physics-in…
High-energy electron scattering is a clean and precise probe for measurements of hadronic and nuclear structure, with a key role in understanding the role of high-momentum nucleons (and quarks) in nuclei. Jefferson Lab has dramatically expanded our understanding of the high-momentum nucleons generated by short-range correlations, providing sufficient insight to model much of their impact on nuclear structure in neutron stars, and in low- to medium-energy scattering observables including neutrino oscillation measurements. These short-range correlations also appear to be related to the modificat…
The past two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the microscopic description of atomic nuclei. The Topical Review `The Future of Nuclear Structure' aims at summarizing the current state-of-the-art microscopic calculations in Nuclear Theory and to give a useful reference for young researches who wish to learn more about this exciting discipline.
Searches for neutrinoless-double beta decay rates are crucial in addressing questions within fundamental symmetries and neutrino physics. The rates of these decays depend not only on unknown parameters associated with neutrinos, but also on nuclear properties. In order to reliably extract information about the neutrino, one needs an accurate treatment of the complex many-body dynamics of the nucleus. Neutrinoless-double beta decays take place at momentum transfers on the order of 100 MeV/$c$ and require both nuclear electroweak vector and axial current matrix elements. Muon capture, a process …
Recent progress in the numerical solution of the nuclear many-body problem and in the development of nuclear Hamiltonians rooted in Quantum Chromodynamics, has opened the door to first-principle computations of nuclear reactions. In this article, we discuss the current status of ab initio calculations of nucleon-nucleus optical potentials for medium-mass systems, with a focus on results obtained with the coupled-cluster method.
We review some recent progress in the theory of electroweak radiative corrections in semileptonic decay processes. The resurrection of the so-called Sirlin's representation based on current algebra relations permits a clear separation between the perturbatively-calculable and incalculable pieces in the $\mathcal{O}(G_Fα)$ radiative corrections. The latter are expressed as compact hadronic matrix elements that allow systematic non-perturbative analysis such as dispersion relation and lattice QCD. This brings substantial improvements to the precision of the electroweak radiative corrections in s…
The description of structural and dynamical properties of nuclei starting from the fundamental interaction between nucleons has been a long-standing goal in nuclear physics. The ab initio No-Core Shell Model combined with the Resonating-Group Method (NCSM/RGM) is capable of addressing both structural and reaction properties of light-nuclei. While promising results have already been achieved starting from a two-body Hamiltonian, a truly realistic prediction of nuclear observables requires the treatment of the three-nucleon interaction. Using similarity-renormalization-group evolved two- and thr…
This review article takes stock of the progress made in understanding the phase transition in hot nuclei and highlights the coherence of observed signatures
Using the new results on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data in cesium-iodide provided by the COHERENT experiment, we determine a new measurement of the average neutron rms radius of $^{133}\text{Cs}$ and $^{127}\text{I}$. In combination with the atomic parity violation (APV) experimental result, we derive the most precise measurement of the neutron rms radii of $^{133}\text{Cs}$ and $^{127}\text{I}$, disentangling for the first time the contributions of the two nuclei. By exploiting these measurements we determine the corresponding neutron skin values for $^{133}\text{Cs}$ and $…
