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arXiv 2402.06393astro-ph.GA
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富含黑洞的恒星团产生的恒星流

Stellar streams from black hole-rich star clusters

Daniel Roberts, Mark Gieles, Denis Erkal, Jason L. Sanders

AI总结:

本文结合直接 N 体模拟与 QSG 密度模型,比较含黑洞与无黑洞恒星团产生的恒星流,揭示其在质量、峰值位置和形态上的可观测差异。

摘要:

得益于 Gaia 及相关巡天,银河系中已发现近百条没有前身天体的细薄恒星流。大多数恒星流被认为形成于恒星团,而且近期有人提出,富含恒星质量黑洞(BH)的延展恒星团能够高效产生恒星流。为了更好地理解恒星流前身天体的性质,我们利用直接 N 体模型,以及一种基于恒星团随时间变化的逃逸率建立的恒星流密度分布新模型,量化了源自含 BH 与不含 BH 恒星团的恒星流之间的差异。QSG(Quantifying Stream Growth,量化恒星流增长)模型有助于快速探索参数空间,并提供一个解析框架,以理解不同恒星团性质和逃逸条件对恒星流结构的影响。利用这些模型发现,与同一轨道上来自无 BH 恒星团的恒星流相比,富含 BH 恒星团的恒星流:(1)质量约为其五倍;(2)在解体后 10 亿年时,其密度峰值距离恒星团近三倍(适用于银心半径大于 10 kpc 的轨道);以及(3)密度分布具有更窄的峰值和更延展的翼部。我们还讨论了前身恒星团中 BH 的存在所影响的其他可观测恒星流性质,即恒星流的宽度、其相对于轨道的径向偏移,以及前身天体所在位置间隙的性质。我们的结果为利用恒星流约束已解体(球状)恒星团的 BH 含量迈出了一步。

英文摘要:

Nearly a hundred progenitor-less, thin stellar streams have been discovered in the Milky Way, thanks to Gaia and related surveys. Most streams are believed to have formed from star clusters and it was recently proposed that extended star clusters -- rich in stellar-mass black holes (BHs) -- are efficient in creating streams. To understand the nature of stream progenitors better, we quantify the differences between streams originating from star clusters with and without BHs using direct $N$-body models and a new model for the density profiles of streams based on time-dependent escape rates from clusters. The QSG (Quantifying Stream Growth) model facilitates the rapid exploration of parameter space and provides an analytic framework to understand the impact of different star cluster properties and escape conditions on the structure of streams. Using these models it is found that, compared to streams from BH-free clusters on the same orbit, streams of BH-rich clusters: (1) are approximately five times more massive; (2) have a peak density three times closer to the cluster 1 Gyr post-dissolution (for orbits of Galactocentric radius > 10 kpc), and (3) have narrower peaks and more extended wings in their density profile. We discuss other observable stream properties that are affected by the presence of BHs in their progenitor cluster, namely the width of the stream, its radial offset from the orbit, and the properties of the gap at the progenitor's location. Our results provide a step towards using stellar streams to constrain the BH content of dissolved (globular) star clusters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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