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arXiv 2110.06950astro-ph.GA
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$S^5$:十二个恒星流的轨道和化学性质

$S^5$: The Orbital and Chemical Properties of One Dozen Stellar Streams

Ting S. Li, Alexander P. Ji, Andrew B. Pace, Denis Erkal, Sergey E. Koposov, Nora Shipp, Gary S. Da Costa, Lara R. Cullinane, Kyler Kuehn, Geraint F. Lewis, Dou… 展开作者

Ting S. Li, Alexander P. Ji, Andrew B. Pace, Denis Erkal, Sergey E. Koposov, Nora Shipp, Gary S. Da Costa, Lara R. Cullinane, Kyler Kuehn, Geraint F. Lewis, Dougal Mackey, Jeffrey D. Simpson, Daniel B. Zucker, Peter S. Ferguson, Sarah L. Martell, Joss Bland-Hawthorn, Eduardo Balbinot, Kiyan Tavangar, Alex Drlica-Wagner, Gayandhi M. De Silva, Joshua D. Simon, S5 Collaboration

摘要:

我们报告的运动学,轨道和化学性质的12个恒星流没有明显的祖先,使用视线速度和金属丰度从南方恒星流光谱调查($S^5$),自行$Gaia$ EDR 3,和距离来自距离示踪剂或文献。该数据集提供了最大的均匀分析流集,具有完整的6D运动学和金属丰度。所有流的日心距离都在${\sim}10-50$ kpc之间。速度和金属丰度的色散表明,一半的流的祖先是被破坏的矮星系(DG),而另一半起源于被破坏的球状星团(GC),以下简称为DG和GC流。根据银河流的平均金属丰度和质量-金属丰度关系,DG银河流的祖先光度介于船底座和大熊座I($-9.5\lesssim M_V\lesssim-5.5$)之间。六个GC流中的四个具有[Fe/H] $< -2$的平均金属丰度,在类似距离处比典型的银河系(MW)GC更贫金属。有趣的是,300 S和Jet GC流是我们十几个流样本中唯一逆行轨道上的流。最后,我们比较了已知的DG和GC的MW流的轨道特性,找到几个可能的协会。一些星流似乎是与最近发现的盖亚-土卫二-香肠系统吸积而成的,而另一些则表明GC是在DG星流的前身中形成并与之吸积在一起的,DG星流的恒星质量与天龙座到船底座($\sim10^5-10^6M_\odot$)相似。

英文摘要:

We report the kinematic, orbital, and chemical properties of 12 stellar streams with no evident progenitors, using line-of-sight velocities and metallicities from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey ($S^5$), proper motions from $Gaia$ EDR3, and distances derived from distance tracers or the literature. This data set provides the largest homogeneously analyzed set of streams with full 6D kinematics and metallicities. All streams have heliocentric distances between ${\sim}10-50$ kpc. The velocity and metallicity dispersions show that half of the stream progenitors were disrupted dwarf galaxies (DGs), while the other half originated from disrupted globular clusters (GCs), hereafter referred to as DG and GC streams. Based on the mean metallicities of the streams and the mass-metallicity relation, the luminosities of the progenitors of the DG streams range between Carina and Ursa Major I ($-9.5\lesssim M_V\lesssim-5.5$). Four of the six GC streams have mean metallicities of [Fe/H]$< -2$, more metal-poor than typical Milky Way (MW) GCs at similar distances. Interestingly, the 300S and Jet GC streams are the only streams on retrograde orbits in our dozen stream sample. Finally, we compare the orbital properties of the streams with known DGs and GCs in the MW, finding several possible associations. Some streams appear to have been accreted with the recently discovered Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage system, and others suggest that GCs were formed in and accreted together with the progenitors of DG streams whose stellar masses are similar to Draco to Carina ($\sim10^5-10^6M_\odot$).

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