Via Machinae 3.0：利用CATHODE算法在Gaia中搜寻恒星流
Via Machinae 3.0: A search for stellar streams in Gaia with the CATHODE algorithm
AI总结：
本文结合CATHODE异常检测算法与Via Machinae 3.0方法，在Gaia数据中搜寻恒星流，发现新候选并识别出两个显著结构，为后续研究提供高优先级目标。
摘要：
我们将模型无关的异常检测方法Cathode（最初为粒子物理开发）应用于Gaia数据中搜寻恒星流。我们将Cathode与Via Machinae 3.0相结合：这是恒星流检测方法的重新优化版本，此前曾与相关异常检测技术Anode一起应用于Gaia数据。我们证明，Via Machinae 3.0与Cathode的组合（称为VM3-C）不仅重新发现了先前已知的恒星流，还确认了许多与Anode结合识别出的候选恒星流（称为VM3-A）。与VM3-A相比，VM3-C检测到的恒星流候选数量增加了约10%。此外，两种方法在北银半球都发现了相同的两个大型恒星流候选星团。我们将这些高度显著的异常结构命名为Raritan恒星流和Passaic恒星流。这两个结构可能表明存在更大的天体，如矮星系恒星流，或导致分叉或扇状分布的非平凡轨道动力学，并且是进一步分析的有前景且高优先级的目标。
英文摘要：
We apply the model-agnostic anomaly detection method Cathode - originally developed for particle physics - to search for stellar streams in Gaia data. We combine Cathode with Via Machinae 3.0: a re-optimized version of the stellar stream detection method that was previously applied to Gaia data together with the related anomaly detection technique Anode. We demonstrate that the combination of Via Machinae 3.0 with Cathode, called VM3-C, not only re-discovers previously known streams, but also confirms many candidate streams identified in combination with Anode (denoted VM3-A). Compared to VM3-A, the number of stream candidates detected by VM3-C increases by around 10%. Moreover, both of the methods discover the same two large clusters of stream candidates in the Northern Galactic hemisphere. We dub these highly significant anomalous structures the Raritan stream and the Passaic stream. These two structures may indicate the presence of larger objects, such as dwarf galaxy streams, or non-trivial orbital dynamics resulting in bifurcation or fanning, and are promising and high-priority targets for further analysis.
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