具有广义共形标量场的引力中FRW宇宙的冷却-加热性质
Cooling-Heating Properties of the FRW Universe in Gravity with a Generalized Conformal Scalar Field
AI总结：
本文在含广义共形标量场的修正引力中研究FRW宇宙的焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀，确定冷却与加热区域、反转曲线及热力学奇点，并与爱因斯坦引力结果对比，揭示修正项对宇宙膨胀物理机制的影响。
摘要：
本文在包含共形标量场的修正引力框架内，研究FRW宇宙的焦耳-汤姆逊膨胀，以确定冷却和加热区域。值得注意的是，我们观察到焦耳-汤姆逊系数（记为$μ$）在$α<0$时于$R_A=\sqrt{-2α}$处发散，这与FRW宇宙的热力学奇点一致。此外，我们确定了FRW宇宙的反转温度和反转压强，并展示了$T$-$P$平面中反转曲线和等焓曲线的特征。我们将这些发现与爱因斯坦引力下得到的结果进行比较，讨论了修正项对FRW宇宙冷却和加热性质的影响。这项工作对更深入地理解FRW宇宙中冷却和加热区域的形成做出了重要贡献，从而推进了我们对支配宇宙膨胀的物理机制的理解。
英文摘要：
In this paper, within the framework of modified gravity involving a conformal scalar field, we investigate the Joule-Thomson expansion of the FRW universe to identify cooling and heating regions. Notably, we observe that the Joule-Thomson coefficient, denoted as $μ$, diverges at $R_A=\sqrt{-2α}$ when $α<0$, aligning with the thermodynamic singularity of the FRW universe. Additionally, we determine the inversion temperature and inversion pressure for the FRW universe, and illustrate the characteristics of inversion curves and isenthalpic curves in the $T$-$P$ plane. We compare these findings with results obtained under Einstein gravity, discussing the influence of the modification term on the cooling and heating properties of the FRW universe. This work contributes significantly to a deeper understanding of the formation of cooling and heating regions within the FRW universe, thereby advancing our comprehension of the physical mechanisms that govern the expansion of our universe.
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