Magnetic reconnection is understood to be the main physical process that facilitates the transformation of magnetic energy into heat, motion, and particle acceleration during solar eruptions. Yet, observational constraints on reconnection region properties and dynamics are limited due to lack of high-cadence and high-spatial-resolution observations. By studying the evolution and morphology of post-reconnected field-lines footpoints, or flare ribbons and vector photospheric magnetic field, we estimate the magnetic reconnection flux and its rate of change with time to study the flare reconnection process and dynamics of the current sheet above. We compare high-resolution imaging data to study the evolution of the fine structure in flare ribbons as ribbons spread away from the polarity inversion line. Using data from two illustrative events (one M- and X-class flare), we explore the relationship between the ribbon-front fine structure and the temporal development of bursts in the reconnection region. Additionally, we use the RibbonDB database to perform statistical analysis of 73 (C- to X-class) flares and identify QPP's properties using the Wavelet Transform. Our main finding is the discovery of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) signatures in the derived magnetic reconnection rates in both example events and the large flare sample. We find that the oscillations' periods range from one to four minutes. Furthermore, we find nearly co-temporal bursts in Hard X-ray (HXR) emission profiles. We discuss how dynamical processes in the current sheet involving plasmoids can explain the nearly-co-temporal signatures of quasi periodicity in the reconnection rates and HXR emission.
Statistical Properties of Ribbon Evolution and Reconnection Electric Fields in Eruptive and Confined Flares
本文对H $α$双带耀斑色球带演化进行了统计研究。该数据集由2000年6月至2015年6月发生的50次局限($62\,\%$)和喷发($38\,\%$)耀斑组成。耀斑是均匀地选择在H $α$和$\textit{GOES}$(地球同步业务环境卫星)类,重点是包括强大的封闭耀斑和弱喷发耀斑。Kanzelhöhe天文台的H $α$滤波图与$\textit{MDI}$(迈克尔逊多普勒成像仪)和$\textit{HMI}$(日震和磁成像仪)磁图相结合,用于推导带分离、带分离速度、磁场强度和重联电场。我们发现,爆发耀斑揭示统计更大的带状分离和更高的带状分离速度比密闭耀斑。此外,带状分离的爆发耀斑与GOES SXR通量,而没有明确的依赖被发现为封闭的耀斑。最大的带状分离速度与GOES通量没有相关性,但爆发耀斑揭示了平均更高的带状分离速度(由$\approx 10~$ km $~$ s $^{-1}$)。局限耀斑($cc=0.50~\pm~0.02$)和爆发耀斑($cc=0.77~\pm~0.03$)的局部重联电场与GOES通量相关,表明更强大的耀斑涉及更强的重联电场。此外,具有更高电场强度的爆发耀斑往往伴随着更快的日冕物质抛射。
Automatic detection of Flare Ribbon Fine Structures as Proxies for Plasmoid Dynamics in Flare Reconnection
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Durham University(达勒姆大学数学科学系);Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心日球物理学部);Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学天文学系);Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow(格拉斯哥大学物理与天文学学院苏格兰大学物理联盟);Rosseland Centre for Solar Physics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学罗瑟兰太阳物理学中心)
Quasi-periodic Slipping Magnetic Reconnection During an X-class Solar Flare Observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph
Unprecedent fast winking of solar flares triggered by bursty magnetic reconnection
National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家空间科学中心);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);Observatoire de Paris-PSL(巴黎天文台-PSL);Institut Polytechnique de Paris(巴黎理工学院);CNRS(法国国家科学研究中心);Laboratoire de physique des plasmas (LPP)(等离子体物理实验室);Rosseland Center for Solar Physics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学罗斯兰太阳物理学中心);Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo(奥斯陆大学理论天体物理研究所);Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI)(俄罗斯科学院太空研究所);Anhui University(安徽大学);Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Research Park(NASA研究园湾区环境研究所);Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory(洛马太阳与天体物理实验室);Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS(西伯利亚分支俄罗斯科学院太阳地球物理研究所);Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台);Nanjing University(南京大学);Macau University of Science and Technology(澳门科技大学)
Evolution of Spatial Complexity in Flare Ribbon Substructure and Its Relationship to Magnetic Reconnection Dynamics
University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校);National Solar Observatory(国家太阳观测台);Catholic University of America(美利坚天主教大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);Predictive Science Inc.(预测科学公司)
Quasi-periodic pulsations and three-dimensional magnetic reconnection during 2022 March 31 flare observed by IRIS & STIX
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute(湾区环境研究所);Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory(洛马太阳能与天体物理实验室);University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW)(西北瑞士应用科学与艺术大学);ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);Oregon State University(俄勒冈州立大学);Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies(都柏林高等研究院);Southwest Research Institute(西南研究院);SETI Institute(搜寻地外文明研究所)
Spectroscopic Observations of Magnetic Reconnection and Chromospheric Evaporation in an X-shaped Solar Flare
我们提出了在一个非典型的X形耀斑(SOL 2014 -11- 09 T15:32)期间,由界面区域成像光谱仪(IRIS)观测到的不同位置的不同紫外光谱特性的观测结果。在这个耀斑中,出现了四条色球带,并会聚在一个X点,那里有一个分离器被锚定。在X点上方,两组非共面冠状环横向接近并在分离器处重新连接。IRIS狭缝位于X点附近,穿过一些扩口带和环。在分离器附近,Si IV 1402.77 A线表现出明显加宽的线翼,延伸到200 km/s,但线芯没有移动。这些光谱特征表明可能与分离器重连有关的双向流动的存在。而在耀斑带中,热的Fe XXI 1354.08 A谱线出现蓝移,冷的Si IV 1402.77 A,C II 1335.71 A和Mg II 2803.52 A谱线出现明显的红移,红移速度可达80 km/s,这与色球蒸发/凝结的情况相一致。
Slipping reconnection in a solar flare observed in high resolution with the GREGOR solar telescope
2014年11月7日12:00 UT,在1.5 m GREGOR望远镜的蓝色成像通道中,使用1 A Ca II H干涉滤光片,在活动区12205的太阳黑子本影上方观察到一个小耀斑带。来自太阳动力学天文台(SDO)上的大气成像组件(AIA),太阳光学望远镜(SOT)和界面区域成像光谱仪(IRIS)的背景观测表明,这条带状物是一个更大的带状物的一部分,该带状物延伸通过相邻的正极,并且还参与了活动区域内的其他几次耀斑。我们重建了一个时间序列的140秒的Ca II H图像的多帧盲反卷积方法,这导致在0.1 arcsec和1秒的空间和时间分辨率的装置。测量了耀斑带中小尺度亮节的光变曲线和水平速度。有些节点是静止的,但有三个节点以7-11公里/秒的速度沿着带状移动。其中两个在相反的方向上移动,并表现出高度相关的强度变化,这提供了在小空间尺度上滑动重联的证据。
Filament Eruption in NOAA 11093 Leading to a Two-Ribbon M1 Class Flare and CME
利用SDO、STEREO、RHESSI和GONG H $α$网络望远镜获得的数据,对2010年8月7日发生在活动区(AR)NOAA 11093的一次喷发事件进行了多波长分析。根据这些观测结果,我们推断,位于极性反转线(PIL)上的反S形暗条的向上缓慢上升运动导致了双带耀斑之后的CME。上覆磁力线穿过灯丝与旁瓣磁力线的相互作用,相关的EUV增亮,以及灯丝周围的通量出现/取消是导致其不稳定和爆发的过程的观测特征。此外,暗条/磁绳的上升运动轮廓与耀斑特征,即,重连率和HXR发射曲线。通量绳在耀斑的峰值阶段加速到最大速度作为CME,然后减速到平均速度为590 km $^{-1}$。我们认为,所观察到的出现/取消附近的灯丝的磁通量导致它上升,导致在系绳切割和重新连接发生在灯丝下,在协议与系绳切割模型。相应的增加/减少,发现在后高峰阶段的爆发的光球通量的正/负提供了明确的证据,重新连接的系绳切割的结果。
Multiple Extreme Ultraviolet Peaks Attributed to Three-dimensional Magnetic Reconnection in a Long-duration Solar Flare
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University(南京大学天文与空间科学学院);State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家空间科学中心太阳活动与空间天气国家重点实验室);CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学地球物理和行星科学系地空间环境中国科学院重点实验室);Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education(教育部现代天文学和天体物理学重点实验室(南京大学));Centre for mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学数学系数学等离子体天体物理中心);LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot(巴黎天文台LESIA实验室(CNRS、UPMC、巴黎第七大学));Astronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences(捷克科学院天文研究所)