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arXiv 2402.00641cs.CR
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针对未来微架构测试密码学实现的侧信道安全性

Testing side-channel security of cryptographic implementations against future microarchitectures

Gilles Barthe, Marcel Böhme, Sunjay Cauligi, Chitchanok Chuengsatiansup, Daniel Genkin, Marco Guarnieri, David Mateos Romero, Peter Schwabe, David Wu, Yuval Yarom

AI总结:

该研究针对未来微架构优化对密码实现的侧信道安全影响评估缺失问题,开发了泄漏模型描述语言LmSpec与自动测试框架LmTest,经实证发现18种待落地优化会导致现有25种密码实现均存在密钥相关泄漏。

摘要:

未来的微架构将对现有密码学实现的安全性产生怎样的影响?由于我们无法持续缩小晶体管尺寸,芯片厂商已开始开发新型微架构优化方案以提升计算速度。Sanchez Vicarte等人2021年发表于ISCA的一项研究表明,这些优化可能会打开微架构攻击的潘多拉魔盒。但目前关于如何评估未来优化方案的安全影响,相关指导十分匮乏。\n为帮助芯片厂商探究微架构优化对密码学实现的影响,我们开发了两项工具:(i)一种表达能力较强的领域特定语言LmSpec,可供厂商为给定优化方案指定泄漏模型;(ii)名为LmTest的测试框架,可在指定泄漏模型下自动检测给定实现中的泄漏。借助该框架,我们针对5个主流库中8种密码原语的25种实现,对18项已提出的微架构优化开展了实证研究。我们发现,若这些优化得以落地,所有实现都会存在依赖密钥的泄漏,部分泄漏严重程度足以恢复受害者的密钥。颇具讽刺意味的是,部分泄漏的产生恰恰是因为代码中使用了在标准常数时间模型下用于防范泄漏的编码惯用法。

英文摘要:

How will future microarchitectures impact the security of existing cryptographic implementations? As we cannot keep reducing the size of transistors, chip vendors have started developing new microarchitectural optimizations to speed up computation. A recent study (Sanchez Vicarte et al., ISCA 2021) suggests that these optimizations might open the Pandora's box of microarchitectural attacks. However, there is little guidance on how to evaluate the security impact of future optimization proposals. To help chip vendors explore the impact of microarchitectural optimizations on cryptographic implementations, we develop (i) an expressive domain-specific language, called LmSpec, that allows them to specify the leakage model for the given optimization and (ii) a testing framework, called LmTest, to automatically detect leaks under the specified leakage model within the given implementation. Using this framework, we conduct an empirical study of 18 proposed microarchitectural optimizations on 25 implementations of eight cryptographic primitives in five popular libraries. We find that every implementation would contain secret-dependent leaks, sometimes sufficient to recover a victim's secret key, if these optimizations were realized. Ironically, some leaks are possible only because of coding idioms used to prevent leaks under the standard constant-time model.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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