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arXiv 2402.00347cs.LG
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物理科学中从数据驱动与领域驱动视角出发的多样化解释

Diverse Explanations From Data-Driven and Domain-Driven Perspectives in the Physical Sciences

School of Computing, Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学计算机学院)

Sichao Li, Xin Wang, Amanda Barnard

AI总结:

本文针对物理科学机器学习应用中解释多样性引发的科学不一致问题,通过三个案例分析其来源与影响,强调需结合多视角解读模型、由科学家主导解读过程以平衡数据与领域知识,推动XAI负责任融入物理科学、提升ML应用可信度。

摘要:

机器学习方法在材料科学领域已取得显著成功,能够提供全新的科学洞见、指导未来的实验室实验并加速材料发现进程。尽管这些模型表现出良好的性能,理解其决策过程对于确保研究结果的科学价值同样至关重要。然而,近期关于解释多样性的争议仍在持续,这一问题可能导致科学认知的不一致。本观点文章探讨了物理科学领域机器学习应用中这些多样化解释的来源与影响。通过材料科学和分子性质预测领域的三个案例研究,我们检验了不同模型、解释方法、特征归因层级以及利益相关者需求如何导致对机器学习输出的不同解读。我们的分析强调,在科学语境下解读机器学习模型时,必须考虑多重视角,并凸显科学家掌控解读过程的关键必要性——需平衡数据驱动的洞见与领域专业知识,以满足特定的科学需求。通过推动对这些不一致性的全面理解,我们旨在为可解释人工智能(XAI)负责任地融入物理科学领域做出贡献,并提升机器学习应用在科学发现中的可信度。

英文摘要:

Machine learning methods have been remarkably successful in material science, providing novel scientific insights, guiding future laboratory experiments, and accelerating materials discovery. Despite the promising performance of these models, understanding the decisions they make is also essential to ensure the scientific value of their outcomes. However, there is a recent and ongoing debate about the diversity of explanations, which potentially leads to scientific inconsistency. This Perspective explores the sources and implications of these diverse explanations in ML applications for physical sciences. Through three case studies in materials science and molecular property prediction, we examine how different models, explanation methods, levels of feature attribution, and stakeholder needs can result in varying interpretations of ML outputs. Our analysis underscores the importance of considering multiple perspectives when interpreting ML models in scientific contexts and highlights the critical need for scientists to maintain control over the interpretation process, balancing data-driven insights with domain expertise to meet specific scientific needs. By fostering a comprehensive understanding of these inconsistencies, we aim to contribute to the responsible integration of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into physical sciences and improve the trustworthiness of ML applications in scientific discovery.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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