arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2401.06648eess.SYcs.SYmath.OC
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采用安全增强配点法的、带控制屏障函数的自动驾驶实时MPC

Real-time MPC with Control Barrier Functions for Autonomous Driving using Safety Enhanced Collocation

Jean Pierre Allamaa, Panagiotis Patrinos, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Tong Duy Son

AI总结:

针对自动驾驶NMPC安全约束扩展性差、计算量大的问题,提出融合控制屏障函数、基于新型RESAFE/COL配点法的实时NMPC,速度提升5倍且更适配嵌入式硬件,避撞能力提升91%。

摘要:

自动驾驶行业持续面临安全关键场景的挑战,非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)是处理这类场景的强效控制策略。但标准安全约束的可扩展性不足,且需要较长的NMPC预测时域;此外,数值优化例程的计算量过大,也限制了NMPC在汽车行业的应用。为解决这些问题,本文提出一种适用于城市场景自动驾驶、具备实时运行能力的NMPC,该方法融合了控制屏障函数(CBFs)。此外,所设计的NMPC基于一种名为RESAFE/COL(安全增强配点法)的新型配点转录方法,该方法通过区域凸包近似,在减少优化变量数量的同时,仍能保证连续时间(非线性)不等式约束的满足。实验证明,RESAFE/COL的速度是多重打靶法的5倍,更适合在嵌入式硬件上运行,且不会降低数值解的性能、精度与安全性。我们在车辆与城市环境的数字孪生上验证了搭载RESAFE/COL的NMPC-CBF,结果表明该安全控制器可将避撞能力提升91%。补充可视化材料可参见https://youtu.be/_EnbfYwljp4。

英文摘要:

The autonomous driving industry is continuously dealing with safety-critical scenarios, and nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) is a powerful control strategy for handling such situations. However, standard safety constraints are not scalable and require a long NMPC horizon. Moreover, the adoption of NMPC in the automotive industry is limited by the heavy computation of numerical optimization routines. To address those issues, this paper presents a real-time capable NMPC for automated driving in urban environments, using control barrier functions (CBFs). Furthermore, the designed NMPC is based on a novel collocation transcription approach, named RESAFE/COL, that allows to reduce the number of optimization variables while still guaranteeing the continuous time (nonlinear) inequality constraints satisfaction, through regional convex hull approximation. RESAFE/COL is proven to be 5 times faster than multiple shooting and more tractable for embedded hardware without a decrease in the performance, nor accuracy and safety of the numerical solution. We validate our NMPC-CBF with RESAFE/COL on digital twins of the vehicle and the urban environment and show the safe controller's ability to improve crash avoidance by 91\%. Supplementary visual material can be found at https://youtu.be/_EnbfYwljp4.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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