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arXiv 2401.06265physics.opticsquant-ph
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超快二阶非线性光子学——从经典物理到非高斯量子动力学

Ultrafast second-order nonlinear photonics -- from classical physics to non-Gaussian quantum dynamics

Marc Jankowski, Ryotatsu Yanagimoto, Edwin Ng, Ryan Hamerly, Timothy P. McKenna, Hideo Mabuchi, M. M. Fejer

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The first two authors contributed equally to this work; 183 pages, 55 figures
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AI总结：

本文系统回顾了超快二阶非线性光子学从经典到少光子量子尺度的最新进展，提出统一理论框架，阐明多模经典与量子行为之间的联系、差异及新机遇。

摘要：

具有二阶（χ(2)）非线性的光子集成电路正迅速扩展到极低功率水平。目前，最先进的器件在连续波激光驱动下，以数千个光子即可实现饱和非线性相互作用，而利用超快脉冲进一步降低这些能量需求，可能很快将非线性光学推进到单光子非线性领域。本教程回顾了超快非线性光子学的这些最新进展，讨论了实现少光子非线性相互作用的设计策略，并提出了一个统一的超快量子非线性光学处理方法，该框架能够从经典行为平滑过渡到少光子尺度。这些新兴的量子光学平台由于耦合光学模式数量巨大，与腔量子电动力学中的典型实现有根本性不同。在经典层面，多模行为在非线性光学中已得到充分研究，著名的例子包括孤子形成和超连续谱产生。相比之下，多模量子系统表现出远为丰富多样的行为，但其闭式解甚至比经典对应情形更为稀少。在建立超快量子光学框架的过程中，我们将确定哪些行为可以从经典器件延续到量子器件，哪些直觉必须被放弃，以及在超快与量子非线性光学的交叉领域存在哪些新机遇。虽然本文侧重于建立具有χ(2)非线性器件的经典行为与量子行为之间的联系，但这里建立的框架具有一般性，可方便地推广到基于三阶（χ(3)）非线性的动力学过程描述。

英文摘要：

Photonic integrated circuits with second-order ($χ^{(2)}$) nonlinearities are rapidly scaling to remarkably low powers. At this time, state-of-the-art devices achieve saturated nonlinear interactions with thousands of photons when driven by continuous-wave lasers, and further reductions in these energy requirements enabled by the use of ultrafast pulses may soon push nonlinear optics into the realm of single-photon nonlinearities. This tutorial reviews these recent developments in ultrafast nonlinear photonics, discusses design strategies for realizing few-photon nonlinear interactions, and presents a unified treatment of ultrafast quantum nonlinear optics using a framework that smoothly interpolates from classical behaviors to the few-photon scale. These emerging platforms for quantum optics fundamentally differ from typical realizations in cavity quantum electrodynamics due to the large number of coupled optical modes. Classically, multimode behaviors have been well studied in nonlinear optics, with famous examples including soliton formation and supercontinuum generation. In contrast, multimode quantum systems exhibit a far greater variety of behaviors, and yet closed-form solutions are even sparser than their classical counterparts. In developing a framework for ultrafast quantum optics, we will identify what behaviors carry over from classical to quantum devices, what intuition must be abandoned, and what new opportunities exist at the intersection of ultrafast and quantum nonlinear optics. While this article focuses on establishing connections between the classical and quantum behaviors of devices with $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearities, the frameworks developed here are general and are readily extended to the description of dynamical processes based on third-order ($χ^{(3)}$) nonlinearities.

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