We study a class of time-dependent backgrounds in string theory which consist of marginal deformations of minimal strings on AdS$_3$. For such backgrounds, we compute the three-point amplitudes and analyze their properties.
We consider classical multi-spin string solutions in marginally deformed AdS4 x CP3. We reconsider the results of arXiv:1208.0389 and extend them to the non supersymmetric 3-deformation parameter background. After a general discussion, we study various explicit solutions and we give expressions for their conserved classical angular momenta and energy.
We study constant dilaton supersymmetric solutions of type IIB Supergravity with 5-form and 3-form flux with isometry group U(1) $\times$$Z_3$. Some of these solutions correspond to marginal perturbations of N=4 Yang-Mills. We find one line of solutions in particular of AdS$_5$ fibred over an $S^5$. This line is described by a single complex parameter. AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ is obtained when this partameter is tuned to zero.
We determine the supersymmetric AdS_7 backgrounds of seven-dimensional half-maximal gauged supergravities and show that they do not admit any deformations that preserve all 16 supercharges. We compare this result to the conformal manifold of the holographically dual (1,0) superconformal field theories and show that accordingly its representation theory implies that no supersymmetric marginal operators exist.
Conformal deformations manifest in the AdS/CFT correspondence as boundary conditions on the AdS field. Heretofore, double-trace deformations have been the primary focus in this context. To better understand multitrace deformations, we revisit the relationship between the generating AdS partition function for a free bulk theory and the boundary CFT partition function subject to arbitrary conformal deformations. The procedure leads us to a formalism that constructs bulk fields from boundary operators. Using this formalism, we independently replicate the holographic RG flow narrative to go on to …
We study type IIB supergravity backgrounds which are dual to marginal deformations of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory. We re-examine two circular Wilson loops and describe how the phase transition occurs in the presence of deformation parameter.
We construct analytic solutions of open superstring field theory for any exactly marginal deformation in any boundary superconformal field theory when properly renormalized operator products of the marginal operator are given. Our construction is an extension of the general framework for marginal deformations developed in arXiv:0707.4472 for open bosonic string field theory, and the solutions are based on integrated vertex operators which are closely related to finite deformations in boundary superconformal field theory.
We discuss marginal deformations of warped AdS$_3\times$S$^2$ solutions preserving small $\mathcal{N}=(0,4)$ supersymmetry in massive IIA and eleven-dimensional supergravity and obtain a whole family of new solutions. We characterise these new backgrounds by studying some observables like the quantised charges, associated Hannany-Witten brane set-ups and the holographic central charge, the latter is shown to be invariant under the deformation. The study of the preservation of supersymmetry shows that the new backgrounds support an identity structure on the internal five-dimensional space, whic…
In this thesis exactly marginal deformations of field theories living on D3-branes at low energies are studied. These theories include N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and theories obtained from it via the orbifolding procedure.
We investigate analytic classical solutions in open string field theory which are constructed in terms of marginal operators. In the classical background, we evaluate a coupling between an on-shell closed string state and the open string field. The resulting coupling exhibits periodic behavior as expected from the marginal boundary deformation of background Wilson lines or a marginal tachyon lump. We confirm that the solutions in open string field theory correspond to a class of marginal deformations in conformal field theory.
We describe a method for obtaining analytic solutions corresponding to exact marginal deformations in open bosonic string field theory. For the photon marginal deformation we have an explicit analytic solution to all orders. Our construction is based on a pure gauge solution where the gauge field is not in the Hilbert space. We show that the solution itself is nevertheless perfectly regular. We study its gauge transformations and calculate some coefficients explicitly. Finally, we discuss how our method can be implemented for other marginal deformations.
We study the one loop renormalization group flow of the marginal deformations of N=4 SYM theory using the a-function. We found that in the planar limit some non-supersymmetric deformations flow to the supersymmetric infrared fixed points described by the Leigh-Strassler theory. This means supersymmetry emerges as a result of renormalization group flow.
We find solutions of supersymmetric string field theory that correspond to the photon marginal deformation in the boundary conformal field theory. We revisit the bosonic string marginal deformation and generate a real solution for it. We find a map between the solutions of bosonic and supersymmetric string field theories and suggest a universal solution to superstring field theory.
We study exactly marginal deformations of 3d $\mathcal{N}=2$ CFTs dual to AdS$_4$ solutions in eleven-dimensional supergravity using generalised geometry. Focussing on Sasaki-Einstein backgrounds, we find that marginal deformations correspond to turning on a four-form flux on the internal space at first order. Viewing this as the deformation of a generalised structure, we derive a general expression for the four-form flux in terms of a holomorphic function. We discuss the explicit examples of S$^7$, Q$^{1,1,1}$ and M$^{1,1,1}$ and, using an obstruction analysis, find the conditions for the fir…
We show how so-called Yang-Baxter (YB) deformations of sigma models, based on an R-matrix solving the classical Yang-Baxter equation (CYBE), give rise to marginal current-current deformations when applied to the Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model. For non-compact groups these marginal deformations are more general than the ones usually considered, since they can involve a non-abelian current subalgebra. We classify such deformations of the AdS(3) x S(3) string.
We develop a calculable analytic approach to marginal deformations in open string field theory using wedge states with operator insertions. For marginal operators with regular operator products, we construct analytic solutions to all orders in the deformation parameter. In particular, we construct an exact time-dependent solution that describes D-brane decay and incorporates all alpha' corrections. For marginal operators with singular operator products, we construct solutions by regularizing the singularity and adding counterterms. We explicitly carry out the procedure to third order in the de…
We consider type IIB supergravity backgrounds which describe marginal deformations of the Coulomb branch of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory with SO(4) x SO(2) global symmetry. Wilson loop calculations indicate that certain deformations enhance the Coulombic attraction between quarks and anti-quarks at the UV conformal fixed-point. In the IR region, these deformations can induce a transition to linear confinement.
We apply exceptional generalised geometry to the study of exactly marginal deformations of $\mathcal{N}=1$ SCFTs that are dual to generic AdS$_5$ flux backgrounds in type IIB or eleven-dimensional supergravity. In the gauge theory, marginal deformations are parametrised by the space of chiral primary operators of conformal dimension three, while exactly marginal deformations correspond to quotienting this space by the complexified global symmetry group. We show how the supergravity analysis gives a geometric interpretation of the gauge theory results. The marginal deformations arise from defor…
We study integrable deformations of AdS/CFT by focusing upon three kinds of warped AdS_3 geometries, 1) space-like warped AdS_3, 2) time-like warped AdS_3 and 3) null warped AdS_3. These geometries are embedded into type IIB supergravity solutions and are regarded as consistent string backgrounds. By restricting the classical motion of strings on the warped AdS_3xS^1 subspace, the Landau-Lifshitz sigma models are derived by taking the fast-moving limit. The first two warped AdS_3 spaces correspond to anisotropic deformations of the sl(2) spin chain and the last one to Jordanian deformations. A…
We investigate N-point string scattering amplitudes in AdS_3 space. Based on recent observations on the solutions of KZ and BPZ-type differential equations, we discuss how to describe the string theory in AdS_3 as a marginal deformation of a (flat) linear dilaton background. This representation resembles the called "discrete light-cone Liouville" realization as well as the FZZ dual description in terms of the sine-Liouville field theory. Consequently, the connection and differences between those and this realization are discussed. The free field representation presented here permits to underst…
We consider different supersymmetric mixed boundary conditions for scalar and fermionic fields in $AdS_2$, searching for the dual description of a family of interpolating Wilson Loops in ABJM theory. The family, which interpolates between the bosonic 1/6 BPS loop and the 1/2 BPS loop, can be thought of as an exact marginal deformation in a defect CFT$_1$. Confronting this property against holographic correlators and vacuum energy corrections singles out a particular boundary condition which we propose as dual to the interpolating family of Wilson loops.
We present the Penrose limits of a complex marginal deformation of $AdS_5\times S^5$, which incorporates the $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ symmetry of type IIB theory, along the $(J,0,0)$ geodesic and along the $(J,J,J)$ geodesic. We discuss giant gravitons on the deformed $(J,0,0)$ pp-wave background.
We study the relation between exactly marginal deformations in a large class of N=1 superconformal quiver gauge theories described by brane tilings and the degrees of freedom in the corresponding 5-brane systems. We show, with the help of NSVZ exact beta functions, that there are generically d-1 complex exactly marginal deformations of a gauge theory, where d is the perimeter of the corresponding n it, and the other two, the diagonal gauge coupling and a beta-like deformation, as background supergravity fields.toric diagram. We identify d-3 complex marginal deformations as deformations of the …
We study marginal deformations of superconformal Chern-Simons matter theories that are based on 3-algebras. For this, we introduce the notion of an associated 3-product, which captures very general gauge invariant deformations of the superpotentials of the BLG and ABJM models. We also consider conformal multi-trace deformations preserving N=2 supersymmetry. We then use N=2 supergraph techniques to compute the two-loop beta functions of these deformations. Besides confirming conformal invariance of both the BLG and ABJM models, we also verify that the recently proposed beta-deformations of the …
An integrable deformation of the type IIB AdS_5 x S^5 superstring action is presented. The deformed field equations, Lax connection, and kappa-symmetry transformations are given. The original psu(2,2|4) symmetry is expected to become q-deformed.
N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(n) (n>=3) is believed to have two exactly marginal deformations which break the supersymmetry to N=1. We discuss the construction of the string theory dual to these deformations, in the supergravity approximation, in a perturbation series around the AdS_5 * S^5 solution. We construct explicitly the deformed solution at second order in the deformation. We show that deformations which are marginal but not exactly marginal lead to a non-conformal solution with a logarithmically running coupling constant. Surprisingly, at third order in the …
We derive the general formula, at a finite cutoff, for the change in the boundary condition of a scalar field in AdS under a Multiple-trace deformation of the dual CFT. Our analysis suggests that fluctuations around the classical solution in AdS should not be constrained by boundary conditions.
We extend the calculable analytic approach to marginal deformations recently developed in open bosonic string field theory to open superstring field theory formulated by Berkovits. We construct analytic solutions to all orders in the deformation parameter when operator products made of the marginal operator and the associated superconformal primary field are regular.
In this short letter we present a class of remarkably simple solutions to Witten's open string field theory that describe marginal deformations of the underlying boundary conformal field theory. The solutions we consider correspond to dimension-one matter primary operators that have non-singular operator products with themselves. We briefly discuss application to rolling tachyons.
We describe the classical $o(3,2)$ $r$-matrices as generating the quantum deformations of either D=3 conformal algebra with mass-like deformation parameters or D=4 $AdS$ algebra with dimensionless deformation parameters. We describe the quantization of classical $o(3,2)$ $r$-matrices via Drinfeld twist method which locates the deformation in the coalgebra sector. Further we obtain the quantum $o(3,2)$ algebra in a convenient Hopf algebra form by considering suitable deformation maps from classical to deformed $o(3,2)$ algebra basis. It appears that if we pass from $κ$-deformed D =3 conformal a…
We generate new AdS_4 solutions of D=11 supergravity starting from AdS_4 x X_7 solutions where X_7 has U(1)^3 isometry. We consider examples where X_7 is weak G_2, Sasaki-Einstein or tri-Sasakian, corresponding to d=3 SCFTs with N=1,2 or 3 supersymmetry, respectively, and where the deformed solutions preserve N=1,2 or 1 supersymmetry, respectively. For the special cases when X_7 is M(3,2), Q(1,1,1) or N(1,1)_I we identify the exactly marginal deformation in the dual field theory. We also show that the volume of supersymmetric 5-cycles of N(1,1)_I agrees with the conformal dimension predicted b…
In this paper we study exactly marginal deformations of field theories living on D3-branes at low energies. These theories include N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory and theories obtained from it via the orbifolding procedure. We restrict ourselves only to orbifolds and deformations which leave some supersymmetry unbroken. A number of new families of N=1 superconformal field theories are found. We analyze the deformations perturbatively, and also by using general arguments for the dimension of the space of exactly marginal deformations. We find some cases where the space of perturbative exac…
Recently we proposed a universal solvable irrelevant deformation of $AdS_3/CFT_2$ duality, which leads in the ultraviolet to a theory with a Hagedorn entropy [1]. In this note we provide a worldsheet description of this theory as a coset CFT, and compare its spectrum to the field theory predictions of [2,3].
In this paper, we study the multi-spin string solutions in AdS_4*CP^3 and its β-deformation with real β. We give various explicit solutions after some general studies. Conserved charges are computed for these explicit solutions.
We construct analytic solutions for marginal deformations satisfying the reality condition in open superstring field theory formulated by Berkovits when operator products made of the marginal operator and the associated superconformal primary field are regular. Our strategy is based on the recent observation by Erler that the problem of finding solutions for marginal deformations in open superstring field theory can be reduced to a problem in the bosonic theory of finding a finite gauge parameter for a certain pure-gauge configuration labeled by the parameter of the marginal deformation. We fi…
By direct calculation we showed that a finite analytic solution for marginal deformation of open string field theory, by a matter primary operator with singular OPE, can be obtained to all orders in the deformation parameter. In particular, we obtained solutions that describe lower dimensional D-branes and our results agree with the results obtained when the same problem is treated in the world-sheet conformal field theory language.
We construct the supergravity duals of marginal deformations of a (0,2) Landau-Ginsburg theory that describes the supersymmetric lowest Landau level. These deformations preserve supersymmetry and it is proposed that they are associated with the introduction of a phase in the (0,2) superpotential. We also consider marginal deformations of various field theories that exhibit Schrodinger symmetry and Lifshitz scaling. This includes countably-infinite examples with dynamical exponent z=2 based on the Sasaki-Einstein spaces Y^{p,q} and L^{p,q,r}, as well as an example with general dynamical exponen…
We study the properties of the vertex operator for the beta-deformation of the superstring in AdS(5) x S(5) in the pure spinor formalism. We discuss the action of supersymmetry on the infinitesimal beta-deformation, the application of the homological perturbation theory, and the relation between the worldsheet description and the spacetime supergravity description.
We perform a marginal deformation of the SL(2,R) WZW model in a null direction. If we send the deformation parameter to infinity we obtain a linear dilaton background plus two free bosons. We show in addition that such a background can be obtained by a duality transformation of the undeformed WZW model. In the end we indicate how to generalize the given procedure.
We present an integrable deformation of the $AdS_{5}\times S^{5}$ pure spinor action based on homological perturbation theory. Its equations of motion, Lax connection and BRST symmetry are discussed. The resulting model describes a pure spinor superstring in a generalized supergravity background.
It has been conjectured that the vortex solution on a D-brane - anti-D-brane system represents a D-brane of two lower dimension. We establish this result by first identifying a series of marginal deformations which create the vortex - antivortex pair on the brane - antibrane system, and then showing that under this series of marginal deformations the original D-brane - anti-D-brane system becomes a D-brane - anti-D-brane system with two lower dimensions. Generalization of this construction to the case of solitons of higher codimension is also discussed.
We study analytical properties of the generalized $λ$-deformation, which modifies string theories while preserving integrability, and construct the explicit backgrounds corresponding to AdS_p x S^p, including the Ramond-Ramond fluxes. For an arbitrary coset, we find the general form of the R-matrix underlying the deformation, and prove that the dilaton is not modified by the deformation, while the frames are multiplied by a constant matrix. Our explicit solutions describe families of integrable string theories depending on several continuous parameters.
We present homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations of the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ supercoset sigma model as boundary conditions of a 4D Chern-Simons theory. We first generalize the procedure for the 2D principal chiral model developed by Delduc et al [arXiv:1909.13824] so as to reproduce the 2D symmetric coset sigma model, and specify boundary conditions governing homogeneous Yang-Baxter deformations. Then the conditions are applicable for the AdS$_5\times$S$^5$ supercoset sigma model case as well. In addition, homogeneous bi-Yang-Baxter deformation is also discussed.
We consider the three-parameter integrable deformation of the $AdS_3\times S^3$ superstring background constructed in arXiv:1811.00453. Working on the string worldsheet in uniform lightcone gauge, we find the tree-level bosonic S matrix of the model and study some of its limits.
An N=1, d=4 supersymmetric compactification of the perturbative heterotic string is described by a d=2 (0,2) superconformal field theory. The first-order marginal deformations of the internal (0,2) SCFT are in 1 to 1 correspondence with massless gauge-neutral scalars in the spacetime theory. Working at tree-level in the alpha' expansion, we describe these first order deformations for SCFTs with a (0,2) non-linear sigma model description. Our results clarify the structure of deformations of heterotic Calabi-Yau compactifications and more general heterotic flux vacua.
We argue that multi-trace deformations of the boundary CFT in AdS/CFT correspondence can arise through the OPE of single-trace operators. We work out the example of a scalar field in AdS_5 with cubic self interaction. By an appropriate reparametrization of the boundary data we are able to deform the boundary CFT by a marginal operator that couples to the conformal anomaly. Our method can be used in the analysis of multi-trace deformations in N=4 SYM where the OPEs of various single-trace operators are known.
We study marginal deformations of a class of three-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs that admit a holographic dual description in massive type IIA supergravity. We compute the dimension of the conformal manifold in these SCFTs and identify a special submanifold with enhanced flavor symmetry. We show how to apply the TsT transformation of Lunin-Maldacena to construct explicit supersymmetric AdS$_4$ solutions of massive type IIA supergravity with non-trivial internal fluxes that are the holographic dual of these marginal deformations. Finally, we also briefly comment on a class of RG flows betwe…
We analyze asymmetric marginal deformations of SU(2)_k and SL(2,R)_k WZW models. These appear in heterotic string backgrounds with non-vanishing Neveu--Schwarz three-forms plus electric or magnetic fields, depending on whether the deformation is elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic. Asymmetric deformations create new families of exact string vacua. The geometries which are generated in this way, deformed S^3 or AdS_3, include in particular geometric cosets such as S^2, AdS_2 or H_2. Hence, the latter are consistent, exact conformal sigma models, with electric or magnetic backgrounds. We discuss v…
We consider three-parameter Yang-Baxter deformations of the $AdS_5\times T^{1,1}$ superstring for abelian $r$-matrices which are solutions of the classical Yang-Baxter equation. We find two new backgrounds which are dual to the dipole deformed Klebanov-Witten gauge theory and to the nonrelativistic Klebanov-Witten gauge theory with Schrödinger symmetry
We study $AdS\times X$ null deformations arising as near horizon limits of D3-brane analogs of inhomogenous plane waves. Restricting to normalizable deformations for the $AdS_5$ case, these generically correspond in the dual field theory to SYM states with lightcone momentum density $T_{++}$ varying spatially, the homogenous case studied in arXiv:1202.5935 [hep-th] corresponding to uniform $T_{++}$. All of these preserve some supersymmetry. Generically these inhomogenous solutions exhibit analogs of horizons in the interior where a timelike Killing vector becomes null. From the point of view o…
We elevate $λ$-deformed $σ$-models into full type-II supergravity backgrounds. We construct several solutions which contain undeformed $AdS_n$ spaces, with $n=2,3,4$ and $6$, as an integrable part. In that respect, our examples are the first in the literature in this context and bring $λ$-deformations in contact with the AdS/CFT correspondence. The geometries are supported by appropriate dilaton and RR-fields. Most of the solutions admit non-Abelian T-dual limits.
We deform the AdS/CFT Correspondence by the inclusion of a non-supersymmetric scalar mass operator. We discuss the behaviour of the dual 5 dimensional supergravity field then lift the full solution to 10 dimensions. Brane probing the resulting background reveals a potential consistent with the operator we wished to insert.
We construct a class of classical solutions in the Berkovits' open superstring field theory. The resulting solutions correspond to marginal boundary deformations in conformal field theory. The vacuum energy vanishes exactly for the solutions. Investigating the theory expanded around one of the solutions, we find that it reflects the effect of background Wilson lines. The solution has a well-defined Fock space expression and it is invariant under space-time supersymmetry transformation.
We compute the bulk entanglement entropy of a massive scalar field in a Poincare AdS with the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary condition when we trace out a half space. Moreover, by taking into account the quantum back reaction to the minimal surface area, we calculate how much the entanglement entropy changes under a double-trace deformation of a holographic CFT. In the AdS3/CFT2 setup, our result agrees with the known result in 2d CFTs. In higher dimensions, our results offer holographic predictions.
For supercosets with isometry group of the form $\hat{G} \times \hat{G}$, the eta-deformation can be generalised to a two-parameter integrable deformation with independent $q$-deformations of the two copies. We study its kappa-symmetry and write down a formula for the Ramond-Ramond fluxes. We then focus on $\hat{G}= PSU(1,1|2)$ and construct two supergravity backgrounds for the two-parameter integrable deformation of the $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$ superstring, as well as explore their limits. We also construct backgrounds that are solutions of the weaker generalised supergravity equations o…
We examine the marginal deformations of double-trace type in 3d supersymmetric U(N) model with N complex free bosons and fermions. We compute the anomalous dimensions of higher spin currents to the 1/N order but to all orders in the deformation parameters by mainly applying the conformal perturbation theory. The 3d field theory is supposed to be dual to 4d supersymmetric Vasiliev theory, and the marginal deformations are argued to correspond to modifying boundary conditions for bulk scalars and fermions. Thus the modification should break higher spin gauge symmetry and generate the masses of h…
We examine integrable $λ$-deformations of $SO(n+1)/SO(n)$ coset CFTs and their analytic continuations. We provide an interpretation of the deformation as a squashing of the corresponding coset $σ$-model's target space. We realise the $λ$-deformation for $n=5$ case as a solution to supergravity supported by non-vanishing five-form and dilaton. This interpolates between the coset CFT $SO(4,2)/SO(4,1)\times SO(6)/SO(5)$ constructed as a gauged WZW model and the non-Abelian T-dual of the $AdS_5\times S^5$ spacetime.
In this short article we develop recent proposals to relate Yang-Baxter sigma-models and non-abelian T-duality. We demonstrate explicitly that the holographic space-times associated to both (multi-parameter)-$β$-deformations and non-commutative deformations of ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills gauge theory including the RR fluxes can be obtained via the machinery of non-abelian T-duality in Type II supergravity.
In this note we will study solution of open bosonic string field theory based on action of operators from chiral algebra of boundary conformal field theory on identity element of string field theory star algebra. We will demonstrate that the string field theory action for fluctuation fields around this classical solution can be mapped to the string field theory action defined through the new boundary conformal field theory that arises from the original one through the marginal deformation inserted on the world-sheet boundary.
We make precise the connection between the generic Leigh--Strassler deformation of N=4 SYM and noncommutativity. We construct an appropriate noncommutativity matrix, which turns out to define a nonassociative deformation. Viewing this noncommutativity matrix as part of the set of open string data which characterize the deformation and mapping them to the closed string data (e.g. metric and B--field), we are able to construct the gravity dual and the the correponding deformed flat space geometry up to third order in the deformation parameter.