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arXiv 2312.04437hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechquant-ph
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全息对偶中的子系统复杂度与测量

Subsystem Complexity and Measurements in Holography

Shao-Kai Jian, Yuzhen Zhang

AI总结:

本文研究全息对偶中测量一个子系统对另一个子系统复杂度的影响,发现测量可反直觉地放大复杂度,并利用CV提议在多种CFT构型中揭示了投影测量诱导的复杂度相变及其与AdS/BCFT中膜构型转变的对应关系。

摘要:

我们研究了测量一个子系统对另一个子系统全息复杂度的影响。尽管一种朴素的预期可能认为,由于量子测量过程中态坍缩为平凡乘积态,复杂度会降低,但我们的发现揭示了一个反直觉的结果:在众多情形下,对一个子系统的测量反而会放大另一个子系统的复杂度。我们首先给出一个计数论证,阐明随机态中的这种复杂度转变。随后,利用子区域“复杂度=体积”(CV)提议,我们在多种全息共形场论(CFT)构型中识别出由投影测量诱导的复杂度相变,这些构型包括CFT真空态、热场双态,以及黑洞与热浴耦合的联合系统。根据AdS/BCFT对应,测量后的对偶几何包含一个由投影测量产生的世界末日膜。复杂度相变对应于纠缠楔过渡到与膜相连的纠缠楔。在热场双构型中,对一侧的完全投影可以将另一侧转变为具有更高复杂度的边界态黑洞,或具有更低复杂度的纯AdS。在黑洞与非引力热浴耦合的联合系统中,当(部分)辐射被测量时,BCFT具有两个边界:一个对应黑洞,另一个对应测量。我们构造了包含相交或不相交膜的全息体对偶,并研究了由投影测量诱导的复杂度转变。值得注意的是,对于包含黑洞膜的子区域,其RT曲面可能发生转变,从而引起复杂度跳变。

英文摘要:

We investigate the impact of measuring one subsystem on the holographic complexity of another. While a naive expectation might suggest a reduction in complexity due to the collapse of the state to a trivial product state during quantum measurements, our findings reveal a counterintuitive result: in numerous scenarios, measurements on one subsystem can amplify the complexity of another. We first present a counting argument elucidating this complexity transition in random states. Then, employing the subregion "complexity=volume" (CV) proposal, we identify a complexity phase transition induced by projection measurements in various holographic CFT setups, including CFT vacuum states, thermofield double states, and the joint system of a black hole coupled to a bath. According to the AdS/BCFT correspondence, the post-measurement dual geometry involves an end-of-the-world brane created by the projection measurement. The complexity phase transition corresponds to the transition of the entanglement wedge to the one connected to the brane. In the context of the thermofield double setup, complete projection on one side can transform the other side into a boundary state black hole with higher complexity or a pure AdS with lower complexity. In the joint system of a black hole coupled to a nongraviting bath, where (a part of) the radiation is measured, the BCFT features two boundaries: one for the black hole and the other for the measurement. We construct the bulk dual involving intersecting or non-intersecting branes, and investigate the complexity transition induced by the projection measurement. Notably, for a subsystem that contains the black hole brane, its RT surface may undergo a transition, giving rise to a complexity jump.

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