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arXiv 2311.09484astro-ph.HE
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首个人马座A*事件视界望远镜结果。VI:检验黑洞度规

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI: Testing the Black Hole Metric

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

AI总结:

基于2017年EHT对Sgr A*的观测,校准阴影与图像尺寸关系,利用质量-距离比先验,将图像尺寸约束在克尔预测10%内,排除热表面,支持克尔度规描述所有黑洞外部时空。

摘要:

天体物理黑洞预期由克尔度规描述。这是唯一满足爱因斯坦方程、无电磁荷、且在事件视界外无病理现象的稳态、真空、轴对称度规。我们基于2017年事件视界望远镜对人马座A*(Sgr A*)的观测,对克尔预测的潜在偏差提出了新的约束。我们使用包含克尔和非克尔模拟的库,校准了几何定义的黑洞阴影与观测到的环状图像尺寸之间的关系。我们利用人马座A*质量-距离比的精确先验约束,表明观测到的图像尺寸在克尔预测的约10%以内。我们利用这些界限来约束与克尔参数化不同的度规,以及若干已知时空的电荷。为了考虑事件视界存在的替代方案,我们探索了人马座A*是一个具有表面且该表面要么吸收并热再发射入射辐射、要么部分反射入射辐射的致密天体的可能性。利用观测到的图像尺寸和人马座A*的宽带谱,我们得出结论:热表面可以被排除,而完全反射的表面不太可能。我们将我们的结果与更广泛的引力检验景观进行了比较。结合对恒星质量黑洞和M87黑洞的约束,我们的观测进一步支持所有黑洞的外部时空由克尔度规描述,且与其质量无关。

英文摘要:

Astrophysical black holes are expected to be described by the Kerr metric. This is the only stationary, vacuum, axisymmetric metric, without electromagnetic charge, that satisfies Einstein's equations and does not have pathologies outside of the event horizon. We present new constraints on potential deviations from the Kerr prediction based on 2017 EHT observations of Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*). We calibrate the relationship between the geometrically defined black hole shadow and the observed size of the ring-like images using a library that includes both Kerr and non-Kerr simulations. We use the exquisite prior constraints on the mass-to-distance ratio for Sgr A* to show that the observed image size is within $\sim$ 10$\%$ of the Kerr predictions. We use these bounds to constrain metrics that are parametrically different from Kerr as well as the charges of several known spacetimes. To consider alternatives to the presence of an event horizon we explore the possibility that Sgr A* is a compact object with a surface that either absorbs and thermally re-emits incident radiation or partially reflects it. Using the observed image size and the broadband spectrum of Sgr A*, we conclude that a thermal surface can be ruled out and a fully reflective one is unlikely. We compare our results to the broader landscape of gravitational tests. Together with the bounds found for stellar mass black holes and the M87 black hole, our observations provide further support that the external spacetimes of all black holes are described by the Kerr metric, independent of their mass.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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