arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2311.08697astro-ph.HE
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首次人马座A*事件视界望远镜结果. IV. 变异性、形态与黑洞质量

First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass

The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration

AI总结:

本文通过EHT观测量化Sgr A*的变异性与环状形态,校准引力半径并测定黑洞质量为4.0×10^6 M⊙。

摘要:

本文量化了2017年4月EHT在1.3 mm波长下观测到的Sgr A*视界尺度辐射的时间变异性与图像形态。我们发现Sgr A*数据展现的变异性超出了数据不确定性或星际散射效应所能解释的范围。这种变异性的幅度可占相关通量密度的相当大比例,在某些基线上达到约100%。通过探索简单几何源模型,我们证明环状形态比其他具有相当复杂性的形态更好地拟合Sgr A*数据。我们开发了两种策略,将静态几何环模型拟合到时变的Sgr A*数据:一种策略将模型拟合到源静止的短数据段,并对这些独立拟合取平均;另一种策略使用参数化模型描述围绕平均源结构的结构变异性功率谱,将模型拟合到整个数据集。几何建模和图像域特征提取技术均确定环直径为51.8±2.3 μas(68%置信区间),环厚度约束为FWHM在环直径的约30%至50%之间。为将直径测量置于共同物理尺度,我们使用GRMHD模拟生成的合成数据进行校准。该校准将引力半径的角大小约束为4.8_{-0.7}^{+1.4} μas,我们将其与来自脉泽视差的独立距离测量相结合,确定Sgr A*的质量为4.0_{-0.6}^{+1.1}×10^6 M⊙。

英文摘要:

In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching $\sim$100\% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full dataset using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be $51.8 \pm 2.3$ $μ$as (68\% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between $\sim$30\% and 50\% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be $4.8_{-0.7}^{+1.4}$ \mathrm{μas}, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be $4.0_{-0.6}^{+1.1} \times 10^6$ M$_{\odot}$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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