喷流中的水平标度轻子加速：解释M87中的致密射电辐射
Horizon-Scale Lepton Acceleration in Jets: Explaining the Compact Radio Emission in M87
摘要：
现在已经很清楚，巨大椭圆星系M87中的射电喷流必须在非常靠近黑洞的地方开启。这意味着轻子在喷流内的有效加速，其尺度远小于通常用来解释喷流同步辐射的典型耗散事件所能达到的尺度。在这里，我们表明，停滞面，物质之间的分界线，回落到黑洞和物质，是加速向外形成喷流，是一个自然的网站对形成和粒子加速。这是通过一个反康普顿对灾难驱动的非屏蔽电场内的电荷匮乏的区域内的停滞表面和大幅放大后的间隙级联。对于M87中喷流性质的典型估计，我们发现预测的相对论轻子密度与最近M87高频射电观测所需的密度之间存在很好的定量一致性。这种机制无法用相对论轻子充分填充人马座A* 的假定喷流，这可以解释银河系中心缺乏明显的射电喷流。最后，这个过程意味着动力学喷流功率和耀变体的伽玛射线光度之间的关系，在间隙后级联产生。
英文摘要：
It has now become clear that the radio jet in the giant elliptical galaxy M87 must turn on very close to the black hole. This implies the efficient acceleration of leptons within the jet at scales much smaller than feasible by the typical dissipative events usually invoked to explain jet synchrotron emission. Here we show that the stagnation surface, the separatrix between material that falls back into the black hole and material that is accelerated outward forming the jet, is a natural site of pair formation and particle acceleration. This occurs via an inverse-Compton pair catastrophe driven by unscreened electric fields within the charge-starved region about the stagnation surface and substantially amplified by a post-gap cascade. For typical estimates of the jet properties in M87, we find excellent quantitive agreement between the predicted relativistic lepton densities and those required by recent high-frequency radio observations of M87. This mechanism fails to adequately fill a putative jet from Sagittarius A* with relativistic leptons, which may explain the lack of an obvious radio jet in the Galactic center. Finally, this process implies a relationship between the kinetic jet power and the gamma-ray luminosity of blazars, produced during the post-gap cascade.
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