从运动学视角看 B/PS 核球与棒透镜：II
B/PS bulges and barlenses from a kinematic viewpoint. II
AI总结：
本文通过两个含 B/PS 核球的 $N$ 体模型研究 $h_3-\overline V$ 运动学特征，发现棒透镜中心反相关源于其特有轨道，可用于解释未来 IFU 观测。
摘要：
星系的内部动力学和运动学会在视线速度分布（LOSVD）上留下印记。Gauss-Hermite 参数化使人们能够根据 LOSVD 相对于高斯分布的偏度（$h_3$）和展宽（$h_4$）偏离来识别系统的运动学特征。这种方法可提供关于轨道类型的信息，因为 $h_3-\overline V$ 相关表示存在伸长轨道，而反相关则表示存在圆形或近圆形轨道。在以往工作中，对 $h_3-\overline V$ 关系的分析提供了一种识别隐藏棒或 B/PS 核球（侧向，$\mathrm{PA}=90^\circ$）并探测其强度的工具。我们制备了两个具有清晰 B/PS 核球的 $N$ 体星系模型：一个具有普通棒（X 模型），另一个具有嵌入棒中的棒透镜（BL 模型），以研究在任意观测者位置形成 $h_3$ 特征的机制。我们表明，$h_3-\overline V$ 相关出现在棒粒子与盘粒子混合的区域。我们还揭示，具有棒透镜的模型在中心存在 $h_3-\overline V$ 反相关，并表明棒透镜特有的轨道是产生这一信号的原因。此外，该特征只能在具有致密核球和棒透镜的星系中观测到。本工作结果可用于解释未来针对具有 B/PS 核球的真实星系、尤其是具有棒透镜的天体的积分场单元（IFU）数据。
英文摘要：
Internal dynamics and kinematics of galaxies have imprints on the line-of-sight velocity distribution~(LOSVD). Gauss-Hermite parametrisation allows one to identify the kinematics features of the system in terms of skewness~($h_3$) and broadness~($h_4$) deviations of a LOSVD. Such a method provides information about the type of orbits since a $h_3-\overline V$ correlation is a sign of elongated orbits, and the anti-correlation is a sign of circular or near-circular orbits. In previous works, analysis of the $h_3-\overline V$ relation provided a tool to identify a hidden bar or B/PS bulge~(edge-on, $\mathrm{PA}=90^\circ$) and to probe their strength. We prepared two $N$-body galaxy models with clear B/PS bulges: one has an ordinary bar~(the X model), and the second one has a barlens embedded into a bar~(the BL model) to investigate the mechanism of formation of $h_3$ features at any position of an observer. We show that the $h_3-\overline V$ correlation appears in the regions where bar and disc particles are mixing. We also reveal that the model with a barlens has an $h_3-\overline V$ anti-correlation in the centre, and we show that barlens-specific orbits are responsible for this signal. Moreover, this feature can be observed only for galaxies with compact bulges and barlenses. The results of this work are applicable for the interpretation of future Integral-field unit (IFU) data for real galaxies with B/PS bulges, especially for objects with barlenses.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
