拓扑缺陷
Topological defects
AI总结：
本文综述了拓扑缺陷在二维伊辛模型、二维量子场论、任意维拓扑量子场论及四维量子电动力学等不同物理框架中的描述。
摘要：
本文是为《数学物理百科全书》第二版撰写的综述文章。文章在多个背景下描述了拓扑缺陷：晶格上的二维伊辛模型、二维量子场论、任意维度中的拓扑量子场论，以及以四维量子电动力学为重点的高维量子场论。
英文摘要：
This is a survey article for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, 2nd Edition. Topological defects are described in the context of the 2-dimensional Ising model on the lattice, in 2-dimensional quantum field theory, in topological quantum field theory in arbitrary dimension, and in higher-dimensional quantum field theory with a focus on 4-dimensional quantum electrodynamics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
