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arXiv 2310.09239stat.ME
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通过双重抽样处理缺失数据的因果分位数处理效应

Causal Quantile Treatment Effects with missing data by double-sampling

Shuo Sun, Sebastien Haneuse, Alexander W. Levis, Catherine Lee, David E Arterburn, Heidi Fischer, Susan Shortreed, Rajarshi Mukherjee

AI总结:

针对结果可能MNAR的不完整数据,本文利用双重抽样提出因果WQTE的逆概率加权估计量与逐点及一致bootstrap推断方法,并通过模拟和EHR减重手术研究验证。

摘要:

当关注点位于反事实分布的尾部时,因果加权分位数处理效应(WQTE)是对聚焦均值的标准因果对比的有益补充。然而,迄今为止,关于因果WQTE估计和推断的方法都假定所有相关因素均有完整数据。但在大多数实际场景中,数据会缺失或不完整,尤其是当数据并非为研究目的而收集时,电子健康记录和疾病登记处便是如此。此外,此类数据源可能特别容易出现结果数据非随机缺失(MNAR)的情况。本文考虑使用双重抽样,即在研究单元的一个子样本上查明原本缺失的数据,将其作为在因果WQTE估计中减轻MNAR数据所致偏倚的策略。借助这些额外数据,我们给出了不需要关于原始数据缺失机制假设的识别条件。随后,我们提出一种新颖的逆概率加权估计量,并推导其渐近性质,既包括特定分位数处的逐点性质,也包括(0,1)的某个紧子集上一系列分位数范围内的一致性质,同时允许对倾向得分和双重抽样概率进行估计。为进行实用推断,我们开发了一种可同时用于逐点推断和一致推断的bootstrap方法。我们开展了模拟研究,以检验所提估计量的有限样本性能。最后,通过一项基于EHR的研究数据说明了所提方法,该研究考察两种减重手术程序对术后3年BMI降低的相对效应。

英文摘要:

Causal weighted quantile treatment effects (WQTE) are a useful complement to standard causal contrasts that focus on the mean when interest lies at the tails of the counterfactual distribution. To-date, however, methods for estimation and inference regarding causal WQTEs have assumed complete data on all relevant factors. In most practical settings, however, data will be missing or incomplete data, particularly when the data are not collected for research purposes, as is the case for electronic health records and disease registries. Furthermore, such data sources may be particularly susceptible to the outcome data being missing-not-at-random (MNAR). In this paper, we consider the use of double-sampling, through which the otherwise missing data are ascertained on a sub-sample of study units, as a strategy to mitigate bias due to MNAR data in the estimation of causal WQTEs. With the additional data in-hand, we present identifying conditions that do not require assumptions regarding missingness in the original data. We then propose a novel inverse-probability weighted estimator and derive its asymptotic properties, both pointwise at specific quantiles and uniformly across a range of quantiles over some compact subset of (0,1), allowing the propensity score and double-sampling probabilities to be estimated. For practical inference, we develop a bootstrap method that can be used for both pointwise and uniform inference. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators. The proposed method is illustrated with data from an EHR-based study examining the relative effects of two bariatric surgery procedures on BMI loss at 3 years post-surgery.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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