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arXiv 2309.04099cs.DScs.CC
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有界度 Max 2-CSP 与 k-Claw-Free 图上独立集的近似难度

Hardness of Approximating Bounded-Degree Max 2-CSP and Independent Set on k-Claw-Free Graphs

Euiwoong Lee, Pasin Manurangsi

AI总结:

本文研究了有界度 Max 2-CSP 和 k-claw-free 图上 Maximum Independent Set 的近似难度,在 UGC 假设和随机化归约下证明了多项式时间内的近似下界。

摘要:

我们考虑近似 Max 2-CSP 的问题,其中每个变量最多出现在 $d$ 个约束中(但字母表可能任意大)。该问题存在一个简单的 $(\frac{d+1}{2})$-近似算法。对于任意足够大的 $d$,我们证明了以下结果:\n - 假设 Unique Games Conjecture (UGC),在随机化归约下,将该问题近似到 $\left(\frac{d}{2} - o(d)\right)$ 因子以内是 NP-hard 的。\n - 在随机化归约下,将该问题近似到 $\left(\frac{d}{3} - o(d)\right)$ 因子以内是 NP-hard 的。\n 得益于一个已知的联系 [Dvorak et al., Algorithmica 2023],我们为 k-claw-free 图上的 Maximum Independent Set 近似问题确立了以下硬度结果:\n - 假设 Unique Games Conjecture (UGC),在随机化归约下,将该问题近似到 $\left(\frac{k}{4} - o(k)\right)$ 因子以内是 NP-hard 的。\n - 在随机化归约下,将该问题近似到 $\left(\frac{k}{3 + 2\sqrt{2}} - o(k)\right) \geq \left(\frac{k}{5.829} - o(k)\right)$ 因子以内是 NP-hard 的。\n 作为对比,已知的近似算法能在多项式时间内实现 $\left(\frac{k}{2} - o(k)\right)$-近似 [Neuwohner, STACS 2021; Thiery and Ward, SODA 2023],并在准多项式时间内实现 $(\frac{k}{3} + o(k))$-近似 [Cygan et al., SODA 2013]。

英文摘要:

We consider the question of approximating Max 2-CSP where each variable appears in at most $d$ constraints (but with possibly arbitrarily large alphabet). There is a simple $(\frac{d+1}{2})$-approximation algorithm for the problem. We prove the following results for any sufficiently large $d$: - Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC), it is NP-hard (under randomized reduction) to approximate this problem to within a factor of $\left(\frac{d}{2} - o(d)\right)$. - It is NP-hard (under randomized reduction) to approximate the problem to within a factor of $\left(\frac{d}{3} - o(d)\right)$. Thanks to a known connection [Dvorak et al., Algorithmica 2023], we establish the following hardness results for approximating Maximum Independent Set on $k$-claw-free graphs: - Assuming the Unique Games Conjecture (UGC), it is NP-hard (under randomized reduction) to approximate this problem to within a factor of $\left(\frac{k}{4} - o(k)\right)$. - It is NP-hard (under randomized reduction) to approximate the problem to within a factor of $\left(\frac{k}{3 + 2\sqrt{2}} - o(k)\right) \geq \left(\frac{k}{5.829} - o(k)\right)$. In comparison, known approximation algorithms achieve $\left(\frac{k}{2} - o(k)\right)$-approximation in polynomial time [Neuwohner, STACS 2021; Thiery and Ward, SODA 2023] and $(\frac{k}{3} + o(k))$-approximation in quasi-polynomial time [Cygan et al., SODA 2013].

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