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arXiv 2308.04486astro-ph.HEphysics.flu-dyn
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失败超新星中弱爆炸与强爆炸的划分

The division between weak and strong explosions from failed supernovae

Eric R. Coughlin

AI总结:

本文通过自相似解分析失败超新星中第二激波的传播,揭示中微子质量损失存在临界值,决定爆炸是弱爆炸还是强爆炸,并给出第二种导致气体沉降的自相似解。

摘要:

一些大质量恒星很可能无法产生核心坍缩超新星,但这些失败超新星(FSNe)可以在恒星消失之前产生电磁爆发,因为恒星核心坍缩期间以中微子形式损失的质量会导致第二道激波的形成和突破。我们证明,当中微子损失的质量足够小时,存在两个自相似解,它们描述弱激波在流体动力学膨胀包层中的传播,并同时产生对黑洞的吸积。较大马赫数的解是不稳定的,并给出了激波必须具有的最小马赫数,才能增强进入能量守恒阶段。在临界质量损失以上,不存在弱激波解,这意味着如果中微子质量损失高于临界值,则只存在强爆炸,而对于典型参数,该临界值约为恒星质量的百分之几(并且在物理上是可以达到的)。我们的结果表明,失败超新星爆炸的结局——是几乎没有质量抛射的弱爆炸,还是抛射出大部分包层的强爆炸——是恒星性质和中微子质量损失的敏感函数。我们还表明,存在第二种类型的激波自相似解,它导致气体在致密天体附近“沉降”,这可能适用于非终结性恒星喷发以及气态盘对双黑洞并合引起的引力波质量损失的响应。

英文摘要:

Some massive stars likely fail to produce core-collapse supernovae, but these failed supernovae (FSNe) can generate an electromagnetic outburst prior to the disappearance of the star, as the mass lost to neutrinos during the stellar core-collapse results in the formation and breakout of a second shock. We show that when the mass lost to neutrinos is sufficiently small, there are two self-similar solutions that describe the propagation of a weak shock into a hydrodynamically expanding envelope that simultaneously yield accretion onto the black hole. The larger-Mach number solution is unstable and yields the minimum Mach number that a shock must have to strengthen into the energy-conserving regime. Above a critical mass loss there are no weak-shock solutions, implying that there are only strong explosions if the neutrino mass loss is above a critical value, and this value is a few percent of the mass of the star (and is physically achievable) for typical parameters. Our results imply that the fate of the explosion from a FSN -- weak with little to no mass ejection or strong with the expulsion of the majority of the envelope -- is a sensitive function of the stellar properties and the neutrino mass loss. We also show that there is a second type of self-similar solution for the shock that results in the ``settling'' of the gas near the compact object, which may be applicable to non-terminal stellar eruptions and the response of a gaseous disc to gravitational-wave induced mass loss from a binary black hole merger.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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