AI 中文总结
研究发现1987A超新星前身星因赤道环遮挡曾被视为“失败的超新星”，实为II型ILOT，还利用JJEM推测其形态错位，为JJEM是CCSNe主要爆炸机制提供支持。
AI 中文摘要
本文表明，1987A超新星（SN 1987A）的前身星曾显著变暗，并在赤道环平面内及附近的观测者看来呈现红色，持续了数百年；原因在于赤道环由SN 1987A前身星与一颗主序伴星发生双星相互作用形成，该伴星在爆炸前约20000年抛射出物质，遮挡了前身星。对于这些假设的观测者而言，数百年间的光度主要来自两个外环的散射光，约为前身星光度的5%。按当前标准，这一事件会被这些观测者归类为“失败的超新星”，但实际上并未发生核心坍缩、黑洞形成，也没有任何失败之处；相反，这是一类II型ILOT（中等光度光学暂现源），其中赤道抛射物暂时遮挡了中心源。数百年后，外环变得透明，内环透明度提升，SN 1987A前身星在数千年内逐渐增亮至赤道观测者所见的正常光度。这一发现强化了“失败的超新星候选体很可能是II型ILOT”的主张。尽管双星相互作用也使核心自旋加快，但SN 1987A的双极形态（其“钥匙孔”结构）与三环系统错位。本文利用抖动喷流爆炸机制（JJEM）推测可能解释这种错位的场景，该研究为“JJEM是核心坍缩超新星（CCSNe）的主要爆炸机制”这一主张提供了少量但独特的支持。
英文摘要
I show that the progenitor of supernova (SN) 1987A faded substantially and became red for hundreds of years to observers in and near the plane of the equatorial ring, because the equatorial ring, which was formed by a binary interaction between the SN 1987A progenitor and a main-sequence companion that ejected material about 20,000 years before the explosion, obscured the progenitor. For a few hundred years, the luminosity for such hypothetical observers was mainly light scattered by the two outer rings, which amounted to ~5% of the progenitor luminosity. In present terms, this event would have been classified as a "failed supernova" by these observers, although there was no core collapse, no black hole formation, and nothing failed. Rather, this event was a type II ILOT (intermediate-luminosity optical transient), in which equatorial ejecta temporarily obscured the central source. After a few hundred years, the outer rings became transparent, the inner ring became more transparent, and the SN 1987A progenitor brightened over a few thousand years to its normal luminosity for equatorial observers. This finding strengthens the claim that "failed supernova" candidates are likely to be type II ILOTs. Although the binary interaction also spun up the core, the bipolar morphology of SN 1987A (its Keyhole) is misaligned with the triple-ring system. I use the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) to speculate on a scenario that might explain this misalignment. This study adds small but unique support to the claim that the JJEM is the primary explosion mechanism of CCSNe.
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