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arXiv 2308.03397cond-mat.quant-gas
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点涡流体中的涨落定理异常

Fluctuation theorem anomaly in a point-vortex fluid

Rama Sharma, Tapio P. Simula, Andrew J. Groszek

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8 pages, 7 figures
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AI总结：

本文研究了涨落定理在具有长程相互作用和负绝对温度的点涡流体中的表现，发现长程相互作用导致短时间尺度上熵产生异常偏大，只有引入足够噪声才能完全恢复涨落定理的预测。

摘要：

热力学第二定律假定，在封闭的宏观系统中，熵产生速率必须为正。然而，小系统可以在短时间尺度上表现出负的熵产生，这似乎与该定律相矛盾。涨落定理定量地连接了这两种极限情况，预测随着系统尺寸和测量时间的增加，产生熵的轨迹会以指数方式占据主导地位。在这里，我们探索了涨落定理对点涡流体的预测，其中长程相互作用和负绝对温度态的存在为该定理提供了一个有趣的试验平台。我们的结果表明，虽然该定理即使在负绝对温度下也大致成立，但涡旋物质固有的长程相互作用会导致在短时间间隔内出现异常大的熵产生。只有当向动力学中引入足够的噪声以压倒涡旋-涡旋相互作用时，涨落定理的预测才能被完全恢复。

英文摘要：

The second law of thermodynamics posits that in closed macroscopic systems the rate of entropy production must be positive. However, small systems can exhibit negative entropy production over short timescales, seemingly in contradiction with this law. The fluctuation theorem quantitatively connects these two limits, predicting that entropy producing trajectories become exponentially dominant as the system size and measurement time are increased. Here we explore the predictions of the fluctuation theorem for a fluid of point-vortices, where the long-range interactions and existence of negative absolute temperature states provide an intriguing test bed for the theorem. Our results suggest that while the theorem broadly holds even at negative absolute temperatures, the long-range interactions inherent to the vortex matter lead to anomalously large entropy production over short time intervals. The predictions of the fluctuation theorem are only fully recovered when sufficient noise is introduced to the dynamics to overwhelm the vortex-vortex interactions.

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