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arXiv 2307.09181astro-ph.EP
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超高密度、超短周期亚地球行星GJ 367 b的同伴:发现两颗轨道周期为11.5天和34天的额外低质量行星

Company for the ultra-high density, ultra-short period sub-Earth GJ 367 b: discovery of two additional low-mass planets at 11.5 and 34 days

Elisa Goffo, Davide Gandolfi, Jo Ann Egger, Alexander J. Mustill, Simon H. Albrecht, Teruyuki Hirano, Oleg Kochukhov, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Oscar Barragan, Lu… 展开作者

Elisa Goffo, Davide Gandolfi, Jo Ann Egger, Alexander J. Mustill, Simon H. Albrecht, Teruyuki Hirano, Oleg Kochukhov, Nicola Astudillo-Defru, Oscar Barragan, Luisa M. Serrano, Artie P. Hatzes, Yann Alibert, Eike Guenther, Fei Dai, Kristine W. F. Lam, Szilárd Csizmadia, Alexis M. S. Smith, Luca Fossati, Rafael Luque, Florian Rodler, Mark L. Winther, Jakob L. Rørsted, Javier Alarcon, Xavier Bonfils, William D. Cochran, Hans J. Deeg, Jon M. Jenkins, Judith Korth, John H. Livingston, Annabella Meech, Felipe Murgas, Jaume Orell-Miquel, Hannah L. M. Osborne, Enric Palle, Carina M. Persson, Seth Redfield, George R. Ricker, Sara Seager, Roland Vanderspek, Vincent Van Eylen, Joshua N. Winn

AI总结:

本研究通过HARPS视向速度观测结合TESS新数据,精测了GJ 367 b的质量半径并发现其为已知密度最高的超短周期超级水星,同时发现系统内两颗接近3:1共振的低质量非凌星行星,探讨了该超致密行星的内部结构与形成路径。

摘要:

GJ 367是一颗明亮(V星等约10.2)的M1 V型恒星,近期研究发现其周围存在一颗轨道周期为7.7小时的凌星超短周期亚地球行星。为提升该行星的质量与半径测量精度,并揭示系统的内部结构,我们利用HARPS摄谱仪开展了密集的视向速度后续观测——在近3年的时间基线内采集了371个高精度测量数据——并将我们的多普勒测量结果与TESS(凌日系外行星巡天卫星)第35和36扇区的新观测数据相结合。我们测得GJ 367 b的质量为$M_\nathrmm{b}$ = 0.633 ± 0.050 $M_{\bigoplus}$,半径为$R_\nathrmm{b}$ = 0.699 ± 0.024 $R_{\bigoplus}$,测量精度分别达到8%和3.4%。这意味着该行星的整体密度为$ρ_\nathrmm{b}$ = 10.2 ± 1.3 g cm$^{-3}$,比地球密度高出85%。我们还发现该系统中另外存在两颗非凌星低质量伴星,轨道周期分别约为11.5天和34天,最小质量分别为$M_\nathrmm{c}\nathrm{sin}{i_\nathrmm{c}}$ = 4.13 ± 0.36 $M_{\bigoplus}$和$M_\nathrmm{d}\nathrm{sin}{i_\nathrmm{d}}$ = 6.03 ± 0.49 $M_{\bigoplus}$,二者接近3:1平运动共振。GJ 367 b属于小样本的高密度行星类别,即超级水星类,是目前已知密度最高的超短周期小型行星。借助我们精确的质量和半径估算结果,我们探究了GJ 367 b可能的内部组成与结构,发现其铁核的质量占比预计可达0.91$^{+0.07}_{-0.23}$。这类铁核如何形成、如此高的密度如何达成目前仍不明确,我们也讨论了这类小型超致密行星可能的形成路径。

英文摘要:

GJ 367 is a bright (V $\approx$ 10.2) M1 V star that has been recently found to host a transiting ultra-short period sub-Earth on a 7.7 hr orbit. With the aim of improving the planetary mass and radius and unveiling the inner architecture of the system, we performed an intensive radial velocity follow-up campaign with the HARPS spectrograph -- collecting 371 high-precision measurements over a baseline of nearly 3 years -- and combined our Doppler measurements with new TESS observations from sectors 35 and 36. We found that GJ 367 b has a mass of $M_\mathrm{b}$ = 0.633 $\pm$ 0.050 M$_{\oplus}$ and a radius of $R_\mathrm{b}$ = 0.699 $\pm$ 0.024 R$_{\oplus}$, corresponding to precisions of 8% and 3.4%, respectively. This implies a planetary bulk density of $ρ_\mathrm{b}$ = 10.2 $\pm$ 1.3 g cm$^{-3}$, i.e., 85% higher than Earth's density. We revealed the presence of two additional non transiting low-mass companions with orbital periods of $\sim$11.5 and 34 days and minimum masses of $M_\mathrm{c}\sin{i_\mathrm{c}}$ = 4.13 $\pm$ 0.36 M$_{\oplus}$ and $M_\mathrm{d}\sin{i_\mathrm{d}}$ = 6.03 $\pm$ 0.49 M$_{\oplus}$, respectively, which lie close to the 3:1 mean motion commensurability. GJ 367 b joins the small class of high-density planets, namely the class of super-Mercuries, being the densest ultra-short period small planet known to date. Thanks to our precise mass and radius estimates, we explored the potential internal composition and structure of GJ 367 b, and found that it is expected to have an iron core with a mass fraction of 0.91$^{+0.07}_{-0.23}$. How this iron core is formed and how such a high density is reached is still not clear, and we discuss the possible pathways of formation of such a small ultra-dense planet.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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