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arXiv 2307.04737astro-ph.HEhep-ph
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约束带毛黑洞的电磁信号

Constraining Electromagnetic Signals from Black Holes with Hair

Nicole R. Crumpler

AI总结:

本文约束了双黑洞合并中直接产生电磁辐射的“带毛”黑洞模型,通过引力波与伽马射线观测交叉比对设定了辐射质量比例$ε$的上限,并分析了不同能量机制下的信号特征与探测难度。

摘要:

我们约束了一大类能够在双黑洞合并期间直接产生电磁辐射的“带毛”黑洞模型。由于该信号由黑洞质量($M$)和以辐射形式释放的质量比例($ε$)表征,因此它是通用的且与模型无关。对于超过Schwinger极限的场能密度,该机制会触发正负电子对产生,从而产生伽马射线暴。通过将引力波事件与伽马射线观测进行交叉比对,我们对$10-50$ $M_\odot$的黑洞设定了$ε<10^{-5}-10^{-4}$的上限,具体取决于黑洞质量。我们讨论了GW150914之后伽马射线暴的微弱探测结果,并表明该事件与$ε\sim10^{-7}-10^{-6}$的“带毛”黑洞直接产生的快速电磁辐射一致。在Schwinger极限以下,环境带电粒子被强电磁场迅速加速到接近光速。对于$1-50$ $M_\odot$的黑洞且$ε$介于$10^{-20}$至$10^{-7}$之间,典型的质子能量为$\sim20$ GeV-20 TeV,电子能量为$\sim0.01-10$ GeV。在这些能量下,宇宙射线质子和电子迅速扩散到银河系的背景磁场中,使得难以识别产生它们的点源。总体而言,在这一较低能量机制下约束$ε$变得困难,未来的约束可能需要考虑特定的“带毛”黑洞模型。

英文摘要:

We constrain a broad class of "hairy" black hole models capable of directly sourcing electromagnetic radiation during a binary black hole merger. This signal is generic and model-independent since it is characterized by the black hole mass ($M$) and the fraction of that mass released as radiation ($ε$). For field energy densities surpassing the Schwinger limit, this mechanism triggers pair-production to produce a gamma-ray burst. By cross-referencing gravitational wave events with gamma-ray observations, we place upper bounds of $ε<10^{-5}-10^{-4}$ for $10-50$ $M_\odot$ black holes depending on the black hole mass. We discuss the weak detection of a gamma-ray burst following GW150914 and show that this event is consistent with rapid electromagnetic emission directly from a "hairy" black hole with $ε\sim10^{-7}-10^{-6}$. Below the Schwinger limit, ambient charged particles are rapidly accelerated to nearly the speed of light by the strong electromagnetic field. For 1-50 $M_\odot$ black holes and $ε$ ranging from $10^{-20}$ to $10^{-7}$, the typical proton energies are $\sim20$ GeV-20 TeV and electron energies are $\sim0.01-10$ GeV. At these energies, cosmic ray protons and electrons quickly diffuse into the Milky Way's background magnetic field, making it difficult to identify a point source producing them. Overall, constraining $ε$ in this less energetic regime becomes difficult and future constraints may need to consider specific models of "hairy" black holes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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