Bridging MDE and AI: A Systematic Review of Domain-Specific Languages and Model-Driven Practices in AI Software Systems Engineering
TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学计算、信息与技术学院);Technical University of Vienna(维也纳技术大学);Johannes Kepler University(约翰内斯开普勒大学);Eindhoven University of Technology(埃因霍温理工大学)
Simon Raedler, Luca Berardinelli, Karolin Winter, Abbas Rahimi, Stefanie Rinderle-Ma
本文通过对五个数据库中 18 项主要研究进行 SLR,分析 DSL 与 MDE 在 AI 软件系统工程中的应用,指出相关工具方法尚处早期且多聚焦局部开发阶段。
摘要:
背景:技术系统的复杂性持续增长,在不同学科中包含更多组件和功能。模型驱动工程(MDE)通过将模型作为关键制品来帮助管理这种复杂性。由 MDE 支持的领域特定语言(DSL)促进了建模。随着产品开发中的数据生成不断增加,对 AI 算法的需求日益增长,而这些算法实现起来可能具有挑战性。将 AI 算法与 DSL 和 MDE 集成可以简化这一过程。目标:本研究旨在调查现有依赖 DSL、用于支持 AI 软件系统工程的模型驱动方法,以进一步明确未来研究方向并界定当前技术水平。方法:我们开展了一项系统文献综述(SLR),从五个主要数据库收集论文,得到 1335 项候选研究,最终保留 18 项主要研究。每项主要研究都将围绕 MDE 原则与实践的采用情况,以及与 CRISP-DM 方法各阶段相对应的 AI 开发支持阶段进行评估和讨论。结果:研究发现表明,语言工作台在处理建模语言开发的各个方面具有至关重要的作用,并被用于定义显式应对 AI 关注点的 DSL。最突出的 AI 相关关注点是 AI 算法的训练和建模,而对耗时的数据准备关注较少。支持跨学科需求沟通的早期项目阶段,例如 CRISP-DM 的业务理解阶段,很少得到体现。结论:研究发现,MDE 在 AI 中的应用仍处于早期阶段,尚不存在一种被广泛使用的单一工具或方法。此外,当前方法往往聚焦于特定开发阶段,而不是为整个开发过程提供支持。
英文摘要:
Background:Technical systems are growing in complexity with more components and functions across various disciplines. Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) helps manage this complexity by using models as key artifacts. Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) supported by MDE facilitate modeling. As data generation in product development increases, there's a growing demand for AI algorithms, which can be challenging to implement. Integrating AI algorithms with DSL and MDE can streamline this process. Objective:This study aims to investigate the existing model-driven approaches relying on DSL in support of the engineering of AI software systems to sharpen future research further and define the current state of the art. Method:We conducted a Systemic Literature Review (SLR), collecting papers from five major databases resulting in 1335 candidate studies, eventually retaining 18 primary studies. Each primary study will be evaluated and discussed with respect to the adoption of MDE principles and practices and the phases of AI development support aligned with the stages of the CRISP-DM methodology. Results:The study's findings show that language workbenches are of paramount importance in dealing with all aspects of modeling language development and are leveraged to define DSL explicitly addressing AI concerns. The most prominent AI-related concerns are training and modeling of the AI algorithm, while minor emphasis is given to the time-consuming preparation of the data. Early project phases that support interdisciplinary communication of requirements, e.g., CRISP-DM Business Understanding phase, are rarely reflected. Conclusion:The study found that the use of MDE for AI is still in its early stages, and there is no single tool or method that is widely used. Additionally, current approaches tend to focus on specific stages of development rather than providing support for the entire development process.
MDE4QAI: Towards Model-Driven Engineering for Quantum Artificial Intelligence
Technical University of Munich(慕尼黑工业大学);University of Antwerp(安特卫普大学);Flanders Make(法兰德斯制造研究院);University of Reading(雷丁大学);Munich Data Science Institute(慕尼黑数据科学研究所)
复杂的系统很难定义。然而,他们越来越频繁地遇到。例如,全球航空交通管理系统、全球电信或能源基础设施,甚至是大型保险公司积累了30多年的整个传统投资组合。目前,在实践中很少有工程方法和工具来处理它们。Dagstuhl Perspectives Workshop on Model Engineering for Complex Systems的目的是研究模型驱动工程(MDE)对复杂系统开发和管理的适用性。MDE是一个软件工程领域,它基于一些简单而可靠的原则。它的力量来自于把一切--工程人工制品、人工制品的操纵等--都当作一个模型来考虑的假设。我们的直觉是,MDE可以提供正确的抽象层次,将复杂系统的研究从非正式的目标转移到更具体的基础上。为了提供支持这种直觉的第一个证据,讲习班研究了开发和管理不同类型复杂系统的不同观点和不同方法。本说明概述了讨论情况。
Model-Driven Discipline for Multi-Agent LLMs: Requirement-to-Verification Generation of Traceable System Models
Lancaster University(兰卡斯特大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学);Dalian University of Technology(大连理工大学);Southeast University(东南大学);Loughborough University(拉夫堡大学)
A Model-Driven Engineering Approach to AI-Powered Healthcare Platforms
Cairo University(开罗大学);Scientific Academy for Service Technology e.V. (ServTech)(服务技术科学协会(ServTech));Egypt University of Informatics(埃及信息学大学);University of New South Wales(新南威尔士大学)
Formal-Method-Guided Vibe Coding: Closing the Verification Loop on AI-Generated Safety-Critical Software Through Model-Driven Engineering
Lancaster University(兰卡斯特大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工业大学);Southwest University(西南大学);Aarhus University(奥胡斯大学);University of York(约克大学)