每细胞周期一条信使规则：必需基因的保守最低转录水平
The one-message-per-cell-cycle rule: A conserved minimum transcription level for essential genes
AI总结：
本文通过噪声模型发现每细胞周期转录信使数是噪声的关键决定因素，并证明必需基因存在每细胞周期一条信使的保守最低转录水平，揭示噪声稳健性在决定必需基因表达水平中的核心作用。
摘要：
细胞过程的固有随机性导致蛋白质丰度在细胞间存在显著差异。尽管这种噪声已被表征和建模，但其更广泛的含义和重要性仍不清楚。在本文中，我们重新审视噪声模型，并确定每个细胞周期转录的信使数量是噪声的关键决定因素。在酵母中，我们证明该量能够预测噪声随蛋白质丰度的非规范标度关系，并定量预测其大小。随后，我们提出假设：生长稳健性要求必需基因表达的噪声存在上限，这对应于转录水平的下限。我们证明这样的下限确实存在：在大肠杆菌、酵母和人类三种模式生物之间，每个细胞周期一条信使的最低转录水平是保守的。此外，所有三种生物在每个基因、每个细胞周期中转录相同数量的信使。这一共同的转录程序揭示，噪声稳健性在决定大部分必需基因的表达水平中起着核心作用，并且这一基本的最优策略从大肠杆菌到人类细胞都是保守的。
英文摘要：
The inherent stochasticity of cellular processes leads to significant cell-to-cell variation in protein abundance. Although this noise has already been characterized and modeled, its broader implications and significance remain unclear. In this paper, we revisit the noise model and identify the number of messages transcribed per cell cycle as the critical determinant of noise. In yeast, we demonstrate that this quantity predicts the non-canonical scaling of noise with protein abundance, as well as quantitatively predicting its magnitude. We then hypothesize that growth robustness requires an upper ceiling on noise for the expression of essential genes, corresponding to a lower floor on the transcription level. We show that just such a floor exists: a minimum transcription level of one message per cell cycle is conserved between three model organisms: Escherichia coli, yeast, and human. Furthermore, all three organisms transcribe the same number of messages per gene, per cell cycle. This common transcriptional program reveals that robustness to noise plays a central role in determining the expression level of a large fraction of essential genes, and that this fundamental optimal strategy is conserved from E. coli to human cells.
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