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arXiv 2307.02205cs.DS
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二部图中精确匹配问题的近似算法

An Approximation Algorithm for the Exact Matching Problem in Bipartite Graphs

Anita Dürr, Nicolas El Maalouly, Lasse Wulf

AI总结:

本文研究二部图中精确匹配问题的确定性近似算法,提出在不超过红边上限k的前提下,构造红边数k'满足k/3≤k'≤k的完美匹配的确定性多项式时间算法。

摘要:

1982年,Papadimitriou和Yannakakis提出了精确匹配(Exact Matching)问题:给定一个红蓝边着色的图$G$和一个整数$k$,需要判定$G$中是否存在一个恰好含有$k$条红边的完美匹配。尽管几年后很快找到了该问题的随机多项式时间算法,但至今仍不知道是否存在确定性多项式时间算法。这使得精确匹配问题成为检验RP=P猜想的重要候选问题。本文聚焦于精确匹配问题的近似。虽然存在一个简单的算法,可以在确定性多项式时间内计算出一个恰好含有$k$条红边的几乎完美匹配,但关于计算含有接近$k$条红边的完美匹配的工作并不多。事实上,针对二部图的确定性多项式时间算法直到最近才发表(STACS'23)。该算法输出一个含有$k'$条红边的完美匹配,并保证$0.5k \leq k' \leq 1.5k$。本文的目标是在不超过$k$条红边限制的前提下近似红边数量。我们构造了一个确定性多项式时间算法,在二部图上计算出一个含有$k'$条红边的完美匹配,使得$k/3 \leq k' \leq k$。

英文摘要:

In 1982 Papadimitriou and Yannakakis introduced the Exact Matching problem, in which given a red and blue edge-colored graph $G$ and an integer $k$ one has to decide whether there exists a perfect matching in $G$ with exactly $k$ red edges. Even though a randomized polynomial-time algorithm for this problem was quickly found a few years later, it is still unknown today whether a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm exists. This makes the Exact Matching problem an important candidate to test the RP=P hypothesis. In this paper we focus on approximating Exact Matching. While there exists a simple algorithm that computes in deterministic polynomial-time an almost perfect matching with exactly $k$ red edges, not a lot of work focuses on computing perfect matchings with almost $k$ red edges. In fact such an algorithm for bipartite graphs running in deterministic polynomial-time was published only recently (STACS'23). It outputs a perfect matching with $k'$ red edges with the guarantee that $0.5k \leq k' \leq 1.5k$. In the present paper we aim at approximating the number of red edges without exceeding the limit of $k$ red edges. We construct a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm, which on bipartite graphs computes a perfect matching with $k'$ red edges such that $k/3 \leq k' \leq k$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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