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arXiv 2306.04456stat.ME
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用于评估依赖协变量的方法一致性的树模型

Tree models for assessing covariate-dependent method agreement

Siranush Karapetyan, Achim Zeileis, André Henriksen, Alexander Hapfelmeier

AI总结:

本文提出条件方法一致性树 COAT,将 Bland-Altman 分析与递归划分结合,以识别随协变量变化的一致性子组,并通过模拟、加速度计数据及双样本检验验证其有效性。

摘要:

方法比较研究探讨由两种或更多种方法所得测量结果之间的一致性。通常,一致性通过成熟的 Bland-Altman 分析进行评估。然而,其基本假设是:对于所有观测单元以及在所有应用场景中,测量值之间的差异都服从相同分布。我们引入条件方法一致性的概念,并提出相应的建模方法以缓解这一限制。为此,将 Bland-Altman 分析嵌入递归划分框架,在探索性分析中显式定义随协变量变化、具有异质一致性的子组。研究考虑了三种不同建模方法:对所建模差异进行适当变换的条件推断树(CTreeTrafo)、分布回归树(DistTree)和基于模型的树(MOB)。在若干模拟研究中,从 I 类错误概率和检验功效方面评估这些模型的性能。此外,使用调整兰德指数(ARI)量化模型揭示给定子组的能力。通过一个加速度计设备测量真实数据的应用示例展示其适用性。另外,提出双样本 Bland-Altman 检验,用于对子组间一致性差异进行探索性或验证性假设检验。结果表明,随着样本量增加,所有模型都能够以较高准确率检测给定子组。在加速度计数据应用中,可检测到可能影响一致性的相关协变量。我们得出结论:条件方法一致性树(COAT)能够对依赖协变量的方法一致性进行探索性分析,并对组间差异进行相应的探索性或验证性假设检验。该方法通过 R 包 coat 公开发布。

英文摘要:

Method comparison studies explore the agreement of measurements made by two or more methods. Commonly, agreement is evaluated by the well-established Bland-Altman analysis. However, the underlying assumption is that differences between measurements are identically distributed for all observational units and in all application settings. We introduce the concept of conditional method agreement and propose a respective modeling approach to alleviate this constraint. Therefore, the Bland-Altman analysis is embedded in the framework of recursive partitioning to explicitly define subgroups with heterogeneous agreement in dependence of covariates in an exploratory analysis. Three different modeling approaches, conditional inference trees with an appropriate transformation of the modeled differences (CTreeTrafo), distributional regression trees (DistTree), and model-based trees (MOB) are considered. The performance of these models is evaluated in terms of type-I error probability and power in several simulation studies. Further, the adjusted rand index (ARI) is used to quantify the models' ability to uncover given subgroups. An application example to real data of accelerometer device measurements is used to demonstrate the applicability. Additionally, a two-sample Bland-Altman test is proposed for exploratory or confirmatory hypothesis testing of differences in agreement between subgroups. Results indicate that all models were able to detect given subgroups with high accuracy as the sample size increased. Relevant covariates that may affect agreement could be detected in the application to accelerometer data. We conclude that conditional method agreement trees (COAT) enable the exploratory analysis of method agreement in dependence of covariates and the respective exploratory or confirmatory hypothesis testing of group differences. It is made publicly available through the R package coat.

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