Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Che… 展开作者
O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G. A. de Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, W. V. Zober
我们展示了利用国际空间站上的量热电子望远镜（CALorimetric Electron Telescope）在6年期间观测到的银河宇宙线（GCRs）电荷符号依赖的太阳调制，该期间对应太阳磁场的正极性。观测到的质子计数率变化与中子监测器计数率一致，验证了我们确定质子计数率的方法。量热电子望远镜观测到，在相同平均刚度下，银河宇宙线电子和质子计数率均与日球层电流片的倾斜角呈反相关变化，而电子计数率的变化幅度显著大于质子计数率。我们表明，观测到的这种电荷符号依赖性可以通过日球层中银河宇宙线输运的数值“漂移模型”再现。这是用单一探测器观测到的漂移效应对长期太阳调制的清晰特征。
英文摘要：
We present the observation of a charge-sign dependent solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope onboard the International Space Station over 6 yr, corresponding to the positive polarity of the solar magnetic field. The observed variation of proton count rate is consistent with the neutron monitor count rate, validating our methods for determining the proton count rate. It is observed by the CALorimetric Electron Telescope that both GCR electron and proton count rates at the same average rigidity vary in anticorrelation with the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet, while the amplitude of the variation is significantly larger in the electron count rate than in the proton count rate. We show that this observed charge-sign dependence is reproduced by a numerical ``drift model'' of the GCR transport in the heliosphere. This is a clear signature of the drift effect on the long-term solar modulation observed with a single detector.
Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.2 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
在本文中，我们介绍了基于2015年10月至2019年10月国际空间站上的量热电子望远镜（CALET）观测的宇宙射线中碳和氧的能谱测量。分析，包括系统的不确定性的详细评估，并报告结果。用全量热仪测量了从10 GeV $/n$到2.2 TeV $/n$的能谱，其总厚度对应于1.3核相互作用长度。观测到的碳和氧通量显示出$\sim$ 0.15的光谱指数变化约200 GeV的$/n$建立了一个显着的$>3σ$。它们具有相同的能量依赖性与恒定的C/O通量比$0.911\pm 0.006$以上的25 GeV $/n$。光谱硬化与AMS-02测量的一致，但通量的绝对归一化约低27%，尽管与包括PAMELA光谱仪和热气球实验CREAM在内的先前实验的观测结果一致。
Energy Spectrum of Cosmic-ray Electron and Positron from 10 GeV to 3 TeV Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
自2015年以来在国际空间站上运行的量热电子望远镜（CALET）收集了大量宇宙射线铁的样本。在这封信中，介绍了在每个核子动能从10 GeV $/n$到2.0 TeV $/n$的范围内对铁谱的测量，从而使铁能够列入由空间仪器以前所未有的精度研究的元素清单中。该计量基于二零一六年一月至二零二零年五月进行的观察。CALET仪器可以通过测量其电荷来识别单个核素，其动态范围远远超出铁（高达原子序数$Z$ = 40）。能量由均匀量热计测量，其总等效厚度为1.2质子相互作用长度，之前是提供跟踪和能量采样的薄（3辐射长度）成像部分。的数据分析和系统的不确定性的详细评估进行了描述和结果与以前的实验结果进行了比较。所观察到的差分光谱与先前的实验在误差范围内是一致的。在50 GeV $/n$到2 TeV $/n$的范围内，我们目前的数据与谱指数为-2.60 $\pm$ 0.03的单一幂律相容。
Extended Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Cosmic-ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
我们提出的测量宇宙射线中的硼通量的能量依赖性和它的比例的碳通量\textcolor{black}{in an energy interval from 8.4 GeV$/n$ to 3.8 TeV$/n$}的基础上收集的数据的量热电子望远镜（CALET）在$\sim 6.4$年的操作在国际空间站。碳的能量谱的更新也提出了增加的统计比我们以前的测量。所观察到的硼通量显示出光谱硬化在相同的过渡能量$E_0 \sim 200$ GeV $/n$的C谱，虽然B和C通量有不同的能量依赖性。在$25 < E < 200$ GeV $/n$范围内，B谱的谱指数为$γ= -3.047\pm0.024$. B光谱通过$Δγ_B=0.25\pm0.12$硬化，而C光谱变化的最佳拟合值是$Δγ_C=0.19\pm0.03$。B/C通量比与$0.09\pm0.05$的硬化相容，尽管考虑到当前的统计不确定性，不能排除单一的幂律能量依赖性。B/C比能量依赖性的突破将支持AMS-02最近的观测结果，即次级宇宙射线比初级宇宙射线表现出更强的硬化。我们还进行了一个适合的B/C比与漏盒模型的宇宙射线在银河系中的传播，以探测一个可能的剩余值$λ_0$的平均逃逸路径长度$λ$在高能量。我们发现我们的B/C数据与$λ_0$的非零值兼容，这可以解释为宇宙射线在加速区域内穿过的物质的列密度。
Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
Precision measurement of the (e$^+$ + e$^-$) flux in primary cosmic rays from 0.5 GeV to 1 TeV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Precision Measurement of the Proton Flux in Primary Cosmic Rays from 1 GV to 1.8 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Precision spectral measurements of Chromium and Titanium from 10 to 250 GeV$/n$ and sub-Iron to Iron ratio with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the ISS
Precision measurement of the cosmic-ray electron and positron fluxes as a function of time and energy with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
Precision Measurement of Boron-to-Carbon ratio in Cosmic Rays from 2 GV to 2 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
AMS-02是2011年5月安装在国际空间站上的一个被广泛接受的高能物理实验，自那时以来一直在持续运行。AMS-02能够分离污染小于$10^{-3}$的宇宙射线轻核（$1\leq Z \leq 8$）。宇宙射线硼和碳通量之间的比率已知对宇宙射线在银河系中的传播特性非常敏感，因为硼是在星际介质上的较重的主要元素如碳和氧的次级产物。达到TeV区域的精确测量可以极大地帮助理解宇宙射线在银河系中的传播以及到达地球之前穿过的物质数量。介绍了基于1000万次硼碳事件的硼碳比测量的现状。
Progress Report on the Measurement of the Carbon Flux in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station
