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arXiv 2108.01749astro-ph.HE
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使用国际FR606 LOFAR站在110 - 190 MHz跟踪27个无线电静默gamma-ray用户

Follow-up of 27 radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars at 110-190 MHz using the international LOFAR station FR606

J. -M. Grießmeier, D. A. Smith, G. Theureau, T. J. Johnson, M. Kerr, L. Bondonneau, I. Cognard, M. Serylak

摘要:

费米大面积望远镜已经探测到超过260个伽马射线天体。其中大约四分之一被标记为无线电安静。在非循环伽马射线源中,无线电宁静源的比例更高,约为一半。大多数伽玛射线暴的射电观测都是在300 MHz和2 GHz之间的频率进行的。然而,脉冲星的射电通量随着频率的降低而迅速增加,它们的射电束往往在低频处变宽。因此,即使在300兆赫以上没有检测到无线电通量,这些辐射中的一些可能在低射频下也是可检测的。我们的目标是用低频射电观测来检验这一假设。我们用国际低频阵射线站FR606在单站模式下观测了27个费米发现的γ射线源。我们使用LOFAR高频段天线(HBA)频段(110 - 190 MHz)。平均而言,我们使用9小时的观察每个目标后,删除受影响的数据集,导致在1 - 10毫焦耳的顺序脉冲平均通量的灵敏度。我们没有检测到来自27个来源中任何一个的无线电脉动,并且我们对它们的低频无线电通量建立了严格的上限。这些未检测到的情况与从其他频率的无线电观测中得出的上限兼容。我们还从伽马射线剖面确定了行星的几何形状,以确定低频无线电波束预计将穿过地球的行星。这组观测结果提供了27个无线电宁静伽马射线天体在150 MHz处通量密度的最具约束力的上限。尽管在低射频下会出现波束展宽,但我们的大多数未探测到的现象可以用不利的观测几何结构来解释;对于其余的观测,特别是那些在较高频率下探测到的类星体,未探测到与灵敏度不足是一致的。

英文摘要:

The Fermi Large Area Telescope has detected over 260 gamma-ray pulsars. About one quarter of these are labeled as radio-quiet. In the population of nonrecycled gamma-ray pulsars, the fraction of radio-quiet pulsars is higher, about one half. Most radio observations of gamma-ray pulsars have been performed at frequencies between 300 MHz and 2 GHz. However, pulsar radio fluxes increase rapidly with decreasing frequency, and their radio beams often broaden at low frequencies. As a consequence, some of these pulsars might be detectable at low radio frequencies even when no radio flux is detected above 300 MHz. Our aim is to test this hypothesis with low-frequency radio observations. We have observed 27 Fermi-discovered gamma-ray pulsars with the international LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) station FR606 in single-station mode. We used the LOFAR high band antenna (HBA) band (110-190 MHz). On average, we use 9 h of observation per target after the removal of affected datasets, resulting in a sensitivity for pulse-averaged flux on the order of 1-10 mJy. We do not detect radio pulsations from any of the 27 sources, and we establish stringent upper limits on their low-frequency radio fluxes. These nondetections are compatible with the upper limits derived from radio observations at other frequencies. We also determine the pulsars' geometry from the gamma-ray profiles to see for which pulsars the low-frequency radio beam is expected to cross Earth. This set of observations provides the most constraining upper limits on the flux density at 150 MHz for 27 radio-quiet gamma-ray pulsars. In spite of the beam-widening expected at low radio frequencies, most of our nondetections can be explained by an unfavorable viewing geometry; for the remaining observations, especially those of pulsars detected at higher frequencies, the nondetection is compatible with insufficient sensitivity.

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