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arXiv 2305.12005astro-ph.HE
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使用晚期光变曲线估算剥离包层超新星的抛射物质量

Estimating Ejecta Masses of Stripped Envelope Supernovae Using Late-Time Light Curves

Annastasia Haynie, Anthony L. Piro

AI总结:

本研究通过半解析模型和数值模拟,利用由伽马射线泄漏决定的热辐射光变曲线晚期斜率,校准了剥离包层超新星抛射物质量与爆炸能量的关系,使抛射物质量估算不确定性降至约20%。

摘要:

剥离包层超新星(SESNe)是核心坍缩超新星的一个子类,其光谱中缺乏氢(SN IIb,SN Ib)且可能缺乏氦(SN Ic)。它们的前身星可能通过恒星风和与近距双星伴星的相互作用被剥离这些物质,但每个子型所覆盖的确切抛射物质量范围及其如何与零龄主序前身星质量相关联仍不清楚。使用半解析模型和数值模拟相结合的方法,我们讨论了如何通过热辐射光变曲线的不同阶段来约束SESN前身星的性质。我们发现,光变曲线的上升时间受放射性镍混合强度和氦复合处理的强烈影响。这些因素在不同事件间存在差异,且在较简单的建模方法中常被忽略,导致从上升阶段推断的抛射物质量存在较大不确定性。受此启发,我们关注由伽马射线泄漏决定的晚期斜率。我们使用一套数值模型校准了抛射物质量、爆炸能量和伽马射线逃逸时间$T_0$之间的关系。将我们提供的拟合函数应用于SESNe的热辐射光变曲线,应能得到不确定性约为20%的抛射物质量。随着当前和即将开展的调查提供大量SESNe样本,我们的方法可用于更好地理解前身星的多样性和起源。

英文摘要:

Stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) are a subclass of core-collapse supernovae that are deficient in hydrogen (SN~IIb, SN~Ib) and possibly helium (SN~Ic) in their spectra. Their progenitors are likely stripped of this material through a combination of stellar winds and interactions with a close binary companion, but the exact ejecta mass ranges covered by each subtype and how it relates to the zero-age main-sequence progenitor mass is still unclear. Using a combination of semi-analytic modeling and numerical simulations, we discuss how the properties of SESN progenitors can be constrained through different phases of the bolometric light curve. We find that the light curve rise time is strongly impacted by the strength of radioactive nickel mixing and treatment of helium recombination. These can vary between events and are often not accounted for in simpler modeling approaches, leading to large uncertainties in ejecta masses inferred from the rise. Motivated by this, we focus on the late time slope, which is determined by gamma-ray leakage. We calibrate the relationship between ejecta mass, explosion energy, and gamma-ray escape time $T_0$ using a suite of numerical models. Application of the fitting function we provide to bolometric light curves of SESNe should result in ejecta masses with approximately 20\% uncertainty. With large samples of SESNe coming from current and upcoming surveys, our methods can be utilized to better understand the diversity and origin of the progenitor stars.

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