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arXiv 2304.09261astro-ph.GA
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电离ISM发射线的高效模拟:FIRE高红移星系模拟套件与观测的详细对比

Efficient simulations of ionized ISM emission lines: A detailed comparison between the FIRE high-redshift suite and observations

Shengqi Yang, Adam Lidz, Aaron Smith, Andrew Benson, Hui Li

AI总结:

本文开发了一种快速后处理流水线用于预测模拟星系中HII区域的ISM发射线,将其应用于FIRE高红移模拟套件并与ALMA/JWST观测对比,验证了质量-金属丰度关系及单区模型,为星系形成模拟与观测比较提供了公开工具。

摘要:

位于亚毫米波段的阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米波阵列(ALMA)和位于红外波段的詹姆斯·韦伯空间望远镜(JWST)已经对一些最早期星系中的星际介质(ISM)发射线实现了稳健的光谱探测。这些前所未有的测量提供了关于这些高红移星系中ISM性质、恒星种群、星系形态和运动学的宝贵信息,并且原则上对流体动力学模拟中实现的最先进的星系形成模型提供了强有力的检验。为了促进模拟与观测之间的直接比较,我们开发了一个快速的后处理流水线,用于预测模拟星粒子周围HII区域的发射线,并考虑了周围气体密度、金属丰度和入射辐射光谱的空间变化。我们的ISM线发射模型目前捕捉了H$α$、H$β$,以及ALMA和JWST在$z>6$时观测的所有[OIII]和[OII]谱线。我们通过将我们的线发射模型应用于公开的Feedback In Realistic Environment(FIRE)高$z$模拟套件,并与当前观测进行详细比较,展示了这种方法的能力。我们表明,在考虑了ISM性质的不均匀性之后,FIRE的质量-金属丰度关系与ALMA/JWST的测量结果在$1σ$范围内一致。我们还定量验证了单区模型描述,该模型被广泛用于解释[OIII]和H$β$线光度测量。该模型已公开提供,可以实现在广泛的星系形成模拟之上,以便与JWST和ALMA的测量结果进行比较。

英文摘要:

The Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) in the sub-millimeter and the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in the infrared have achieved robust spectroscopic detections of emission lines from the interstellar medium (ISM) in some of the first galaxies. These unprecedented measurements provide valuable information regarding the ISM properties, stellar populations, galaxy morphologies, and kinematics in these high-redshift galaxies and, in principle, offer powerful tests of state-of-the-art galaxy formation models, as implemented in hydrodynamical simulations. To facilitate direct comparisons between simulations and observations, we develop a fast post-processing pipeline for predicting the line emission from the HII regions around simulated star particles, accounting for spatial variations in the surrounding gas density, metallicity, and incident radiation spectrum. Our ISM line emission model currently captures H$α$, H$β$, and all of the [OIII] and [OII] lines targeted by ALMA and the JWST at $z>6$. We illustrate the power of this approach by applying our line emission model to the publicly available Feedback In Realistic Environment (FIRE) high-$z$ simulation suite and perform a detailed comparison with current observations. We show that the FIRE mass--metallicity relation is in $1σ$ agreement with ALMA/JWST measurements after accounting for the inhomogeneities in ISM properties. We also quantitatively validate the one-zone model description, which is widely used for interpreting [OIII] and H$β$ line luminosity measurements. This model is publicly available and can be implemented on top of a broad range of galaxy formation simulations for comparison with JWST and ALMA measurements.

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