Sh 2-174 is believed to be either a planetary nebula (PN) or ionized, ambient interstellar medium (ISM). We present in this paper 1420 MHz polarization, 1420 MHz total intensity (Stokes-I), and neutral hydrogen (HI) images of the region around Sh 2-174. The radio images address not only the nature of the object, but also the history of the relationship between Sh 2-174 and its surrounding environment. The HI images show that Sh 2-174 sits presently at the center of a 1.2 deg x 0.4 deg cloud. The Stokes-I image shows thermal emission peaks coincident with the R-band optical nebula, as well as low-surface-brightness emission from an ionized "halo" around Sh 2-174 and from an ionized "plateau" extending southeast from the cloud. The polarization images reveal Faraday-rotation structures along the projected trajectory of Sh 2-174, including a high-contrast structure with "arms" that run precisely along the eastern edge of the HI cloud and a wide central region which merges with the downstream edge of Sh 2-174. The high-contrast structure is consistent with an ionized tail which has both early-epoch (before Sh 2-174 entered the cloud) and present-epoch (after Sh 2-174 entered the cloud) components. Furthermore, our rotation-measure analysis indicates that the ISM magnetic field is deflected at the leading edge of Sh 2-174. The downstream tail and upstream field deflection point to a PN-ISM interaction. Our estimated space velocity for the host white dwarf (GD~561) demonstrates that Sh 2-174 entered the cloud approximately 27,000 yr ago, and gives a PN-ISM interaction timescale less than approximately 200,000 yr. We estimate an ambient magnetic field in the cloud of 11 +/- 3 microGauss.
High-spectral-resolution Observations of the [S II] Emission-line Doublet in the Filamentary Nebula Surrounding NGC 1275
Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学);Centre de recherche en astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ)(魁北克天体物理研究中心);Dragonfly Focused Research Organization(Dragonfly专注研究机构);Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam(波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所);Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学);Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所计算天体物理学中心);Michigan State University(密歇根州立大学);Durham University(杜伦大学);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学)
A search for dust and molecular gas in enormous Ly$α$ nebulae at $z\approx 2$
巨大的Ly $α$星云,围绕类星体延伸超过300- 500 kpc,代表了星系和星团形成的顶峰。这里我们介绍IRAM Plateau de Bure干涉仪对巨大的Ly $α$星云“Slug”($z$ = $2.282$)和“Jackpot”($z$ = $2.041$)的观测。我们的数据揭示了明亮的同步辐射,与嵌入目标星云的两个无线电响亮的活动星系核有关,以及分子气体,通过CO(3-2)线追踪,在三个星系中(两个源在鼻涕虫,一个在头奖)。所有的CO发射与星系在其静止帧UV恒星发射检测。这三个星系[ $\sim (3-5)\times10^{10}$ M $_\odot$ ]的分子气体总质量与弥漫星云发射的电离气体总质量相当。我们的观测结果限制了星云中分子气体的排放:蛞蝓星云的分子气体表面密度为$Σ_{\rm H2}<12-25$ M $_\odot$ pc $^{-2}$,而头奖星云的分子气体表面密度为$Σ_{\rm H2}<34-68$ M $_\odot$ pc $^{-2}$。这些都是符合预期的分子气体表面密度,预测通过光电离模型的休息帧紫外线发射的星云,并通过Ly $α$吸收的头奖星云。与其他射电大声类星体在$z>1$,高红移射电大声星系相比,我们没有发现任何强烈的趋势有关的分子气体水库,无线电功率,和这些系统的Ly $α$光度。如果星云中存在分子气体的话,要实现对星云中分…
Detection of non-thermal radio emission components from the Orion Nebula: stellar jets, cloud collision or feedback from stellar winds?
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR)(塔塔基础研究所);Joint Astronomy Programme, Indian Institute of Science(印度科学学院联合天文学项目);Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science(印度科学学院物理系);Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology(新墨西哥矿业理工学院物理系);Department of Physics, IIT (BHU), Varanasi(瓦拉纳西印度理工大学(贝拿勒斯 Hindu 大学)物理系);Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology(印度空间科学研究与技术学院地球与空间科学系);Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute, McGill University(麦吉尔大学物理系与麦吉尔太空研究所);Centre for Strings, Gravitation and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras(马德拉斯印度理工大学物理系弦论、引力与宇宙学中心)
LMC X-1: A New Spectral Analysis of the O-star in the binary and surrounding nebula
利用VLT/UVES光谱数据、欧洲南方天文台2.2 m望远镜广角成像仪H $α$成像和2.1 GHz射电连续谱ATCA成像,对大麦哲伦星云X-1 O星及其扩展星云结构进行了新的观测。这个星云是少数已知的由X射线双星提供能量的星云之一。我们使用一种新的光谱提取技术,优于其他方法,以获得径向速度和通量。这提供了一个更新的空间速度为$\simeq 21.0~\pm~4.8$ km s $^{-1}$的O星。这个狭缝同时包含了星云的光电离和激波电离区域。图像显示了一个清晰的弧形结构,让人想起电离锥和激波电离星云之间的风弓激波。观察到的结构可以很好地拟合抛物线形状的风弓激波。如果一个风弓激波系统的解释是有效的,我们调查的N159-O 1星团作为一个潜在的父系统,这表明一个祖质量的$\sim 60$ M $_{\odot}$的黑洞。我们进一步注意到,射电辐射可能是来自风弓激波的非热辐射,也可能是与喷流膨胀星云有关的同步辐射。对于风和喷气动力的起源,这将是这种结构的第一次无线电探测之一。
A VLBA Survey of radio stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster: II. Astrometry
从甚长基线阵列(VLBA)的观测,我们以前确定了一个人口的123个年轻的恒星系统的非热无线电发射朝向猎户座星云团(ONC)的核心。我们在Gaia DR2星表中找到了34个在0.2”射电位置内的光源。大多数射电源都可能是盖亚探测到的同伴。然而,有11颗恒星的VLBA位置与盖亚相差$<1.6$ mas,其中一些射电源可能是光学星的直接对应物。我们能够获得23颗恒星的射电自行。结合VLBA和Gaia的恒星自行数据,我们得到ONC的整体运动和速度色散为($μ_α*,μ_δ$)=($1.20\pm0.09,0.18\pm0.09$)mas yr $^{-1}$和($σ_{μ_α*},σ_{μ_δ}$)=($0.84\pm0.09,1.30\pm0.09$)mas yr $^{-1}$ .最后,我们通过估计标量和矢量积的平均值来寻找有序运动,这导致$\mathbf{\overline{v\cdot\hat{r}}}=-0.61\pm1.00$ km s $^{-1}$和$\mathbf{\overline{v\times\hat{r}}}=0.57\pm0.95$ km s $^{-1}$。这些数据并没有显示年轻的星团处于膨胀、收缩或旋转状态。