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arXiv 2304.04793hep-phastro-ph.CO
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利用宇宙弦引力波进行原初黑洞考古

Primordial Black Hole Archaeology with Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings

Anish Ghoshal, Yann Gouttenoire, Lucien Heurtier, Peera Simakachorn

AI总结:

本研究通过宇宙弦引力波谱的双步抑制特征,探测早期物质主导时期,从而约束质量在$10^4$至$10^9$克之间的轻原初黑洞,并讨论了自旋效应。

摘要:

质量小于$10^9$克($10^{-24} M_\odot$)的轻原初黑洞(PBHs)在大爆炸核合成开始之前就已蒸发,这使得它们的探测相当具有挑战性。如果这些黑洞被高效地产生,它们可能曾主导宇宙的能量密度。我们研究了如何利用由局域和全局宇宙弦发射的引力波(GW)来成功探测这样一个早期物质主导时期。虽然先前的研究表明,物质时期会在引力波谱中产生单步抑制,但我们却发现,对于局域弦的引力波,会出现“双步”抑制,其谱形提供了关于物质时期持续时间的信息。引力波谱中两个台阶的存在源于引力波是通过两个在时间上分离的事件产生的:环的形成和环的衰变,这两个事件可能发生在物质时期之前或之后。第二个台阶——称为“膝盖”——是一个新颖的特征,它对任何早期物质主导时期都是普遍的,并非仅针对原初黑洞。利用LISA、ET或BBO探测来自宇宙弦的引力波,将对张力$G\mu=10^{-11}$的局域弦设置质量在$10^6$到$10^9$克之间的原初黑洞的约束,并对对称性破缺标度$\eta=10^{15}~\mathrm{GeV}$的全局弦设置质量在$10^4$到$10^9$克之间的原初黑洞的约束。我们还讨论了原初黑洞自旋的影响。

英文摘要:

Light primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses smaller than $10^9$ g ($10^{-24} M_\odot$) evaporate before the onset of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, rendering their detection rather challenging. If efficiently produced, they may have dominated the universe energy density. We study how such an early matter-dominated era can be probed successfully using gravitational waves (GW) emitted by local and global cosmic strings. While previous studies showed that a matter era generates a single-step suppression of the GW spectrum, we instead find a "double-step" suppression for local-string GW whose spectral shape provides information on the duration of the matter era. The presence of the two steps in the GW spectrum originates from GW being produced through two events separated in time: loop formation and loop decay, taking place either before or after the matter era. The second step - called the "knee" - is a novel feature which is universal to any early matter-dominated era and is not only specific to PBHs. Detecting GWs from cosmic strings with LISA, ET, or BBO would set constraints on PBHs with masses between $10^6$ and $10^9$ g for local strings with tension $Gμ= 10^{-11}$, and PBHs masses between $10^4$ and $10^9$ g for global strings with symmetry-breaking scale $η= 10^{15}~\mathrm{GeV}$. Effects from the spin of PBHs are discussed.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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