用于 RHIC/EIC 的光泵浦极化 $^3$He$^{++}$ 离子源研制
Optically Pumped Polarized $^3$He$^{++}$ Ion Source Development for RHIC/EIC
AI总结：
本文针对 RHIC/EIC 对高强度极化 $^3$He$^{++}$ 离子束的需求，提出并研制了基于 EBIS 电离累积、低温纯化储存、气体注入保极化及红外光泵浦测量的离子源方案，实现了 80--85% 极化率并介绍了自旋转向器与绝对核极化仪。
摘要：
拟议中的 RHIC 及未来电子-离子对撞机（Electron-Ion Collider）中极化 $^3$He$^{++}$ 加速要求源脉冲中约有 $2\ imes10^{11}$ 个离子。此前已提出一种用于产生高强度极化 $^3$He$^{++}$ 离子束的新技术。该技术基于在现有电子束离子源（EBIS）中对 $^3$He 气体（通过亚稳态交换光泵浦并在 5 T 强磁场中极化）进行电离和累积。为提供所需的气体纯度，开发了一种新型 $^3$He 低温纯化与储存技术。为保障极化保持，开发了原创的气体再填充以及向 EBIS 长漂移管（用作储存单元）注入极化 $^3$He 气体的方案。还开发了一套用于光泵浦及在 3--5 T 强磁场中进行极化测量的红外激光系统。在“开放”单元构型下，当再填充阀管入口和隔离阀关闭时，获得了 80--85% 的 $^3$He 极化率（以及足够长的约 30 分钟弛豫时间）。本文还介绍了自旋转向器以及 6 MeV $^3$He$^{++}$ 束流能量下 $^3$He $^4$He 绝对核极化仪的研制进展。
英文摘要：
The proposed polarized $^3$He$^{++}$ acceleration in RHIC and the future Electron-Ion Collider will require about $2\times10^{11}$ ions in the source pulse. A new technique had been proposed for production of high intensity polarized $^3$He$^{++}$ ion beams. It is based on ionization and accumulation of the $^3$He gas (polarized by metastability-exchange optical pumping and in the 5 T high magnetic field) in the existing Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). A novel $^3$He cryogenic purification and storage technique was developed to provide the required gas purity. An original gas refill and polarized $^3$He gas injection to the EBIS long drift tubes, (which serves as the storage cell) were developed to ensure polarization preservation. An infrared laser system for optical pumping and polarization measurements in the high 3--5 T field has been developed. The $^3$He polarization 80--85\% (and sufficiently long $\sim30$ min relaxation time) was obtained in the \lq\lq{open}\rq\rq\ cell configuration with refilling valve tube inlet and isolation valve closed. The development of the spin-rotator and $^3$He $^4$He absolute nuclear polarimeter at 6 MeV $^3$He$^{++}$ beam energy is also presented.
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