通过实时 AI 实现智能实验:面向 sPHENIX 和未来 EIC 探测器的快速数据处理与自主探测器控制
Intelligent experiments through real-time AI: Fast Data Processing and Autonomous Detector Control for sPHENIX and future EIC detectors
AI总结:
该项目面向 sPHENIX 与未来 EIC,采用 GNN、hls4ml 与 FPGA 实时处理高速粒子数据流,以突破触发率限制并识别稀有重味及 DIS 电子事件。
摘要:
本研发项目由美国能源部(DOE)核物理人工智能-机器学习倡议于 2022 年启动,利用 AI 应对高能核实验(RHIC、LHC 和未来 EIC)中的数据处理挑战。我们的重点是开发一个演示系统,用于实时处理来自 sPHENIX 实验径迹探测器的高速数据流。量能器所施加的 15 kHz 最大触发率限制,可通过在径迹系统中智能运用流式技术予以消除。该方法利用图神经网络(GNN)和面向机器学习的高层次综合(hls4ml),在高频率(3 MHz)p+p 碰撞中高效识别低动量稀有重味事件。在 sPHENIX 上取得成功有望带来直接收益,最大限度减少资源消耗并加快重味测量。该方法可迁移至其他领域。针对 EIC,我们开发了一款使用人工智能-机器学习(AI-ML)算法进行实时识别的 DIS 电子标记器,展示了 AI 与 FPGA 技术在高能核与粒子实验实时数据处理流水线中的变革性潜力。
英文摘要:
This R\&D project, initiated by the DOE Nuclear Physics AI-Machine Learning initiative in 2022, leverages AI to address data processing challenges in high-energy nuclear experiments (RHIC, LHC, and future EIC). Our focus is on developing a demonstrator for real-time processing of high-rate data streams from sPHENIX experiment tracking detectors. The limitations of a 15 kHz maximum trigger rate imposed by the calorimeters can be negated by intelligent use of streaming technology in the tracking system. The approach efficiently identifies low momentum rare heavy flavor events in high-rate p+p collisions (3MHz), using Graph Neural Network (GNN) and High Level Synthesis for Machine Learning (hls4ml). Success at sPHENIX promises immediate benefits, minimizing resources and accelerating the heavy-flavor measurements. The approach is transferable to other fields. For the EIC, we develop a DIS-electron tagger using Artificial Intelligence - Machine Learning (AI-ML) algorithms for real-time identification, showcasing the transformative potential of AI and FPGA technologies in high-energy nuclear and particle experiments real-time data processing pipelines.
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