RHIC绝对氢射流旋光仪的系统误差分析
Systematic error analysis in the absolute hydrogen gas jet polarimeter at RHIC
摘要：
自2004年以来，极化原子氢气射流靶偏振计（HJET）在相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）上运行，以测量每个碰撞质子束的绝对偏振。2015年对偏振仪探测器和数据采集进行了升级，以增加立体角、能量范围，并提高能量和时间分辨率。这些升级以及改进的束流强度和极化使我们能够大大减少RHIC 15（$E_\text{beam}\!=\!100~\text{GeV}$）和17（$255~\text{GeV}$）中质子极化测量的统计和系统误差。对于一个典型的8小时RHIC贮存，测得的质子束平均极化约为$P_\text{beam}\!\sim\!55\pm2.0_\text{stat}\pm0.3_\text{syst}\%$。在动量传递平方范围$0.001\!<\!-t\!<\!0.020\,\text{GeV}^2$内，以约$|δA_\text{N}(t)|\!\sim\!0.0002$的精度确定弹性$\mathit{pp}$分析能力$A_\text{N}(t)\!\sim\!0.04$。本文详细分析了HJET偏振测量的系统误差。本文还讨论了在未来的电子离子对撞机（EIC）中使用基于HJET的绝对旋光计的前景。
英文摘要：
The Polarized Atomic Hydrogen Gas Jet Target polarimeter (HJET) is operated at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) since 2004 to measure the absolute polarization of each colliding proton beam. Polarimeter detectors and data acquisition were upgraded in 2015 to increase the solid angle, energy range, and to improve the energy and time resolution. These upgrades along with an improved beam intensity and polarization allowed us to greatly reduce the statistical and systematic errors for the proton polarization measurements in RHIC Runs 15 ($E_\text{beam}\!=\!100~\text{GeV}$) and 17 ($255~\text{GeV}$). For a typical 8 hour RHIC store, the measured proton beam average polarization was about $P_\text{beam}\!\sim\!55\pm2.0_\text{stat}\pm0.3_\text{syst}\%$. The elastic $\mathit{pp}$ analyzing power, $A_\text{N}(t)\!\sim\!0.04$, was determined with a precision of about $|δA_\text{N}(t)|\!\sim\!0.0002$ in the momentum transfer squared range $0.001\!<\!-t\!<\!0.020\,\text{GeV}^2$. In this paper we present a detailed systematic error analysis of the polarization measurements at HJET. Perspectives of using the HJET based absolute polarimeters in the future Electron Ion Collider (EIC) will be also discussed.
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