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arXiv 2303.09273cs.LG
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交通量预测的自适应Understanding建模

Adaptive Modeling of Uncertainties for Traffic Forecasting

Ying Wu, Yongchao Ye, Adnan Zeb, James J. Q. Yu, Zheng Wang

摘要:

深度神经网络(DNN)已经成为开发流量预测模型的主要方法。这些模型通常经过训练,以最小化平均测试用例的误差,并产生单点预测,例如交通速度或行驶时间的标量值。然而,单点预测无法解释预测的不确定性,这对于许多运输管理场景至关重要,例如确定最佳或最差情况下的到达时间。我们提出了QuanTraffic,这是一个通用框架,可以增强任意DNN模型的不确定性建模能力。QuanTraffic几乎不需要人工参与,并且在部署过程中不会改变DNN的基础架构。相反,它在DNN模型训练期间自动学习标准分位数函数,以产生单点预测的预测区间。预测间隔定义了业务预测的真实值可能落入的范围。此外,QuanTraffic开发了一种自适应方案,该方案根据测试输入的位置和预测窗口动态调整预测间隔。我们通过将QuanTraffic应用于五个代表性的DNN模型,在七个公共数据集上进行流量预测来评估QuanTraffic。然后,我们比较了QuanTraffic对五个不确定性量化方法。与基线不确定性建模技术相比,具有基本DNN架构的QuanTraffic在报告的数据集上提供了比现有技术更好和更强大的性能。

英文摘要:

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have emerged as a dominant approach for developing traffic forecasting models. These models are typically trained to minimize error on averaged test cases and produce a single-point prediction, such as a scalar value for traffic speed or travel time. However, single-point predictions fail to account for prediction uncertainty that is critical for many transportation management scenarios, such as determining the best- or worst-case arrival time. We present QuanTraffic, a generic framework to enhance the capability of an arbitrary DNN model for uncertainty modeling. QuanTraffic requires little human involvement and does not change the base DNN architecture during deployment. Instead, it automatically learns a standard quantile function during the DNN model training to produce a prediction interval for the single-point prediction. The prediction interval defines a range where the true value of the traffic prediction is likely to fall. Furthermore, QuanTraffic develops an adaptive scheme that dynamically adjusts the prediction interval based on the location and prediction window of the test input. We evaluated QuanTraffic by applying it to five representative DNN models for traffic forecasting across seven public datasets. We then compared QuanTraffic against five uncertainty quantification methods. Compared to the baseline uncertainty modeling techniques, QuanTraffic with base DNN architectures delivers consistently better and more robust performance than the existing ones on the reported datasets.

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