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arXiv 2303.09244quant-ph
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量子热机中的波粒二象性

The Wave-Particle Duality in a Quantum Heat Engine

Marcelo Janovitch, Matteo Brunelli, Patrick P. Potts

AI总结:

本文通过将玻色子量子热机分别与波模型和粒子模型对比,证明两类经典模型虽可复现平均功率,却无法完整描述涨落,从而揭示波粒二象性在非平衡玻色子输运中的作用。

摘要:

根据波粒二象性(WPD),量子系统同时表现出类粒子和类波行为,不能仅用这些经典概念中的一种来描述。识别任何经典手段都无法复现的量子特征,是量子技术的关键。这一任务通常通过将所关注的量子系统与适当的经典对应物进行比较来完成。然而,WPD意味着与单一经典模型的比较通常是不充分的;至少应考虑一个波模型和一个粒子模型。在此,我们利用这一洞见,将一个玻色子量子热机与两个经典对应物进行对比,一个基于波,另一个基于粒子。虽然两个经典模型都能复现量子热机的平均输出功率,但两者都无法复现其涨落。波模型无法捕捉真空涨落,而粒子模型无法完整复现聚束效应。我们找到了波和粒子描述与量子描述一致的区域,以及两个经典模型均不适用的区域,揭示了WPD在非平衡玻色子输运中的作用。

英文摘要:

According to the wave-particle duality (WPD), quantum systems show both particle- and wave-like behavior, and cannot be described using only one of these classical concepts. Identifying quantum features that cannot be reproduced by any classical means is key for quantum technology. This task is often pursued by comparing the quantum system of interest to a suitable classical counterpart. However, the WPD implies that a comparison to a single classical model is generally insufficient; at least one wave and one particle model should be considered. Here we exploit this insight and contrast a bosonic quantum heat engine with two classical counterparts, one based on waves and one based on particles. While both classical models reproduce the average output power of the quantum engine, neither reproduces its fluctuations. The wave model fails to capture the vacuum fluctuations while the particle model cannot reproduce bunching to its full extent. We find regimes where wave and particle descriptions agree with the quantum one, as well as a regime where neither classical model is adequate, revealing the role of the WPD in non-equilibrium bosonic transport.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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