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arXiv 2303.08487astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.HE
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$ε$~Eridani 多重活动周期的多波段视角

A multi-wavelength view of the multiple activity cycles of $ε$~Eridani

B. Fuhrmeister, M. Coffaro, B. Stelzer, M. Mittag, S. Czesla, P. C. Schneider

AI总结:

本文通过超过50年的S_MWO数据、7年以上的X射线数据及2013-2022年的S_IRT数据,揭示$ε$ Eridani存在约3年、11年和约34年的多重活动周期叠加,并解释了近期测量值下降及自转周期检测频率与长周期相位的关系。

摘要:

$ε$ Eridani 是一颗高度活跃的年轻 K2 型恒星,利用 Ca II H & K 谱线指数测量(S_MWO)已确定其活动周期约为三年。这一相对较短的周期已被证明与 X 射线和磁通量测量结果一致。近期工作表明其周期行为发生了变化。本文报告了新的 X 射线通量和 S_MWO 测量结果,并纳入了历史 Mount Wilson 项目的 S_MWO 测量数据。这使得 S_MWO 数据的观测时间基线超过 50 年,X 射线数据的时间基线超过 7 年。此外,我们还将 2013-2022 年的 Ca II 红外三重线(IRT)指数测量(S_IRT)纳入研究。借助扩展的 X 射线数据集,我们现在首次能够通过周期图分析检测到这一短周期。近乎同时的 S_MWO 数据与 X 射线通量(最多相差 20 天)在两种诊断手段均仅考虑最低活动状态(就短期变率而言)时呈中等强度的相关性。在 S_MWO 数据中,我们发现了强有力的证据,表明除了已知的 3 年周期外,还存在一个约 34 年的更长周期和一个 11 年周期,而非此前提出的 12 年周期。这三个周期的叠加自然地解释了近期 S_MWO 测量值的下降。两个较短的周期在 S_IRT 数据中也被检测到,尽管活动周期在 S_IRT 中表现出的振幅低于在 S_MWO 数据中的振幅。最后,在长周期最小值附近的时间段内,$ε$Eri 的自转周期在 S_MWO 和 S_IRT 数据中都能更频繁地被发现。这可以用一种情景来解释:在周期极大值附近,磁活动区域的填充因子过高,以至于无法产生显著的短期变化。

英文摘要:

$ε$ Eridani is a highly active young K2 star with an activity cycle of about three years established using Ca II H & K line index measurements (S_MWO). This relatively short cycle has been demonstrated to be consistent with X-ray and magnetic flux measurements. Recent work suggested a change in the cyclic behaviour. Here we report new X-ray flux and S_MWO measurements and also include S_MWO measurements from the historical Mount Wilson program. This results in an observational time baseline of over 50 years for the S_MWO data and of over 7 years in X-rays. Moreover, we include Ca II infrared triplet (IRT) index measurements (S_IRT) from 2013-2022 in our study. With the extended X-ray data set, we can now detect the short cycle for the first time using a periodogram analysis. Near-simultaneous S_MWO data and X-ray fluxes, which are offset by 20 days at most, are moderately strongly correlated when only the lowest activity state (concerning short-term variability) is considered in both diagnostics. In the S_MWO data, we find strong evidence for a much longer cycle of about 34 years and an 11-year cycle instead of the formerly proposed $12$-year cycle in addition to the known 3-year cycle. The superposition of the three periods naturally explains the recent drop in S_MWO measurements. The two shorter cycles are also detected in the S_IRT data, although the activity cycles exhibit lower amplitudes in the S_IRT than in the S_MWO data. Finally, the rotation period of $ε$Eri can be found more frequently in the S_MWO as well as in the S_IRT data for times near the minimum of the long cycle. This may be explained by a scenario in which the filling factor for magnetically active regions near cycle maximum is too high to allow for notable short-term variations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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