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arXiv 2303.08280astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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基于 MOA-II 九年巡天数据对银心方向自由漂浮行星质量函数的测量

Free-Floating planet Mass Function from MOA-II 9-year survey towards the Galactic Bulge

Takahiro Sumi, Naoki koshimoto, David P. Bennett, Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Fumio Abe, Richard Barry, Aparna Bhattacharya, Ian A. Bond, Hirosane Fujii, Akihiko Fu… 展开作者

Takahiro Sumi, Naoki koshimoto, David P. Bennett, Nicholas J. Rattenbury, Fumio Abe, Richard Barry, Aparna Bhattacharya, Ian A. Bond, Hirosane Fujii, Akihiko Fukui, Ryusei Hamada, Yuki Hirao, Stela Ishitani Silva, Yoshitaka Itow, Rintaro Kirikawa, Iona Kondo, Yutaka Matsubara, Shota Miyazaki, Yasushi Muraki, Greg Olmschenk, Clement Ranc, Yuki Satoh, Daisuke Suzuki, Mio Tomoyoshi, Paul . J. Tristram, Aikaterini Vandorou, Hibiki Yama, Kansuke Yamashita

AI总结:

本文利用 MOA-II 九年微引力透镜数据首次测量到地球质量量级的自由漂浮行星质量函数,发现其数量远多于宽轨道行星,并推断它们是被抛射出的行星,同时排除了木星质量级大质量自由漂浮行星群体的存在。

摘要:

我们首次利用 MOA-II 微引力透镜巡天在 2006–2014 年间的数据,测量了质量低至地球质量的自由漂浮行星(FFP)或极宽轨道行星的质量函数。有 6 个事件很可能由爱因斯坦半径穿越时间 t_E < 0.5 天的行星引起,其中最短的事件 t_E = 0.057 ± 0.016 天,角爱因斯坦半径 θ_E = 0.90 ± 0.14 微角秒。我们首次通过图像级模拟测量了同时依赖于 t_E 和 θ_E 的探测效率。这些短时标事件可以用幂律质量函数很好地拟合:dN_4/dlog M = (2.18^{+0.52}_{-1.40}) × (M/8 M_⊕)^{-α_4} dex^{-1} star^{-1},其中在 M/M_⊙ < 0.02 范围内 α_4 = 0.96^{+0.47}_{-0.27}。这意味着每颗恒星拥有 f = 21^{+23}_{-13} 颗质量在 0.33 < M/M_⊕ < 6660 范围内的自由漂浮行星或极宽轨道行星,其总质量为每颗恒星 80^{+73}_{-47} M_⊕。自由漂浮行星的数量是宽轨道(雪线以外)行星数量的 19_{-13}^{+23} 倍,而两者的总质量处于同一量级。这表明自由漂浮行星是从束缚行星系统中被抛射出来的,这些系统可能具有幂律指数 α ∼ 0.9 的初始质量函数,这对应每颗恒星的总质量为 171_{-52}^{+80} M_⊕。该模型预测 Roman Space Telescope 将探测到 988^{+1848}_{-566} 颗质量低至火星质量的自由漂浮行星(其中 575^{+1733}_{-424} 颗质量在 0.1 ≤ M/M_⊕ ≤ 1 范围内)。Sumi (2011) 提出的木星质量级大质量自由漂浮行星群体被排除。

英文摘要:

We present the first measurement of the mass function of free-floating planets (FFP) or very wide orbit planets down to an Earth mass, from the MOA-II microlensing survey in 2006-2014. Six events are likely to be due to planets with Einstein radius crossing times, $t_{\rm E}<0.5$days, and the shortest has $t_{\rm E} = 0.057\pm 0.016$days and an angular Einstein radius of $θ_{\rm E} = 0.90\pm 0.14μ$as. We measure the detection efficiency depending on both $t_{\rm E}$ and $θ_{\rm E}$ with image level simulations for the first time. These short events are well modeled by a power-law mass function, $dN_4/d\log M = (2.18^{+0.52}_{-1.40})\times (M/8\,M_\oplus)^{-α_4}$ dex$^{-1}$star$^{-1}$ with $α_4 = 0.96^{+0.47}_{-0.27}$ for $M/M_\odot < 0.02$. This implies a total of $f= 21^{+23}_{-13}$ FFP or very wide orbit planets of mass $0.33<M/M_\oplus < 6660$ per star, with a total mass of $80^{+73}_{-47} M_\oplus$ per star. The number of FFPs is $19_{-13}^{+23}$ times the number of planets in wide orbits (beyond the snow line), while the total masses are of the same order. This suggests that the FFPs have been ejected from bound planetary systems that may have had an initial mass function with a power-law index of $α\sim 0.9$, which would imply a total mass of $171_{-52}^{+80} M_\oplus$ star$^{-1}$. This model predicts that Roman Space Telescope will detect $988^{+1848}_{-566}$ FFPs with masses down to that of Mars (including $575^{+1733}_{ -424}$ with $0.1 \le M/M_\oplus \le 1$). The Sumi(2011) large Jupiter-mass FFP population is excluded.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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