Unbound or Distant Planetary Mass Population Detected by Gravitational Microlensing
T. Sumi, K. Kamiya, A. Udalski, D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, F. Abe, C. S. Botzler, A. Fukui, K. Furusawa, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, P. M. Kilmartin, A. Korpela, … 展开作者
T. Sumi, K. Kamiya, A. Udalski, D. P. Bennett, I. A. Bond, F. Abe, C. S. Botzler, A. Fukui, K. Furusawa, J. B. Hearnshaw, Y. Itow, P. M. Kilmartin, A. Korpela, W. Lin, C. H. Ling, K. Masuda, Y. Matsubara, N. Miyake, M. Motomura, Y. Muraki, M. Nagaya, S. Nakamura, K. Ohnishi, T. Okumura, Y. C. Perrott, N. Rattenbury, To. Saito, T. Sako, D. J. Sullivan, W. L. Sweatman, P. J. Tristram, P. C. M. Yock, M. K. Szymanski, M. Kubiak, G. Pietrzynski, R. Poleski, I. Soszynski, L. Wyrzykowski, K. Ulaczyk
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46 pages, 14 figures, include Supplementary Information, published in Nature
Since 1995, more than 500 exoplanets have been detected using different techniques, of which 11 were detected with gravitational microlensing. Most of these are gravitationally bound to their host stars. There is some evidence of free-floating planetary mass objects in young star-forming regions, but these objects are limited to massive objects of 3 to 15 Jupiter masses with large uncertainties in photometric mass estimates and their abundance. Here, we report the discovery of a population of unbound or distant Jupiter-mass objects, which are almost twice (1.8_{-0.8}^{+1.7}) as common as main-sequence stars, based on two years of gravitational microlensing survey observations toward the Galactic Bulge. These planetary-mass objects have no host stars that can be detected within about ten astronomical units by gravitational microlensing. However a comparison with constraints from direct imaging suggests that most of these planetary-mass objects are not bound to any host star. An abrupt change in the mass function at about a Jupiter mass favours the idea that their formation process is different from that of stars and brown dwarfs. They may have formed in proto-planetary disks and subsequently scattered into unbound or very distant orbits.
A free-floating-planet microlensing event caused by a Saturn-mass object
Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院天文学系）；Kavli Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文与空间科学研究所）；Astronomical Observatory University of Warsaw（华沙大学天文台）；Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所粒子物理与天体物理系）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文学系）；Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University（隆德大学物理系天体物理分部）；Institute for Advanced Study in Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学物理学高等研究院）；Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, Zhejiang University（浙江大学物理学院天体物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University（清华大学天文学系）；Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
KMT-2026-BLG-0083L: A Two-Jovian-Planet System Orbiting an M Dwarf Discovered by Microlensing
KMTNet Collaboration（KMTNet合作组织）；Chungbuk National University（忠北国立大学）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究所）；DREAMS Collaboration（DREAMS合作组织）；Westlake University（西湖大学）；Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China（中国浙江省杭州市310030）；OGLE Collaboration（OGLE合作组织）；Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw（华沙大学天文台）；PRIME Collaboration（PRIME合作组织）；Massey University（梅西大学）；Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observato（塞罗托洛洛美洲际观测站）
