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arXiv 2303.07464physics.flu-dynmath-phmath.DSmath.MP
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通过波峰与波谷相位估计理解Stokes漂移机制

Understanding Stokes drift mechanism via crest and trough phase estimates

Anirban Guha, Akanksha Gupta

AI总结:

本文通过波峰与波谷相位的渐近估计,从运动学角度解释了Stokes漂移的成因,并比较了声波与水波中的粒子轨迹,揭示了波峰相位对向前漂移的主导作用。

摘要:

通过提供数学估计,本文回答了一个基本问题——“是什么导致了Stokes漂移?”尽管Stokes漂移在水波中被广泛理解,但它是一种源于运动学的通用机制,出现在流体中任何非横波中。为了展示其普遍性,我们对声波(一维)和中等水深水波(二维)的迹线方程进行了比较研究。尽管我们在线性声波这一特定情形下得到了闭式解 $\mathbf{x}(t)$,但一种更通用且更有意义的方法涉及应用渐近方法并用拉格朗日相位 $θ$ 表示变量。我们表明,后者将水波的二维迹线方程约化为一维。利用渐近方法,我们求解了声波和水波各自的迹线方程,并在每种情形下得到了粒子位置 $\mathbf{x}(θ)$ 和经过时间 $t(θ)$ 的参数表示。这种参数化描述使我们能够获得粒子在波峰和波谷相位中的持续时间、水平位移和平均水平速度的二阶精度表达式。与波谷相比,所有这些量在波峰相位中都具有更大的量值,从而导致向前的漂移,即Stokes漂移。我们还探讨了二阶Stokes波引起的粒子轨迹,并将其与线性波进行比较。虽然有限振幅波会修改从线性波获得的估计,但从线性波获得的理解通常被认为是有效的。

英文摘要:

By providing mathematical estimates, this paper answers a fundamental question -- "what leads to Stokes drift"? Although overwhelmingly understood for water waves, Stokes drift is a generic mechanism that stems from kinematics and occurs in any non-transverse wave in fluids. To showcase its generality, we undertake a comparative study of the pathline equation of sound (1D) and intermediate-depth water (2D) waves. Although we obtain a closed-form solution $\mathbf{x}(t)$ for the specific case of linear sound waves, a more generic and meaningful approach involves the application of asymptotic methods and expressing variables in terms of the Lagrangian phase $θ$. We show that the latter reduces the 2D pathline equation of water waves to 1D. Using asymptotic methods, we solve the respective pathline equation for sound and water waves, and for each case, we obtain a parametric representation of particle position $\mathbf{x}(θ)$ and elapsed time $t(θ)$. Such a parametric description has allowed us to obtain second-order-accurate expressions for the time duration, horizontal displacement, and average horizontal velocity of a particle in the crest and trough phases. All these quantities are of higher magnitude in the crest phase in comparison to the trough, leading to a forward drift, i.e. Stokes drift. We also explore particle trajectory due to second-order Stokes waves and compare it with linear waves. While finite amplitude waves modify the estimates obtained from linear waves, the understanding acquired from linear waves is generally found to be valid.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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